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Africa: Physical Geography

Africa: Physical Geography. Chapter 11. Lesson 1 Objectives. Learn about Africa’s four regions and its major landforms. Find out about Africa’s major rivers. Africa’s Four Regions. North Africa Rocky mountains Sahara Desert West Africa Most populated area Mostly grasslands East Africa

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Africa: Physical Geography

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  1. Africa: Physical Geography Chapter 11

  2. Lesson 1 Objectives • Learn about Africa’s four regions and its major landforms. • Find out about Africa’s major rivers.

  3. Africa’s Four Regions • North Africa • Rocky mountains • Sahara Desert • West Africa • Most populated area • Mostly grasslands • East Africa • Mountains and plateaus • Large, raised areas of mostly level land • Central and Southern Africa • Thick rain forests, mountains, and swamps • Namib Desert and Kalahari Desert

  4. The Plateau Continent • Much of the continent is made up of raised areas that drop off near the sea • Great Rift Valley in West Africa • Mount Kilimanjaro in West Africa • Tanzania • Africa’s tallest mountain • 19,341 feet

  5. Africa’s Rivers • The Nile River • The Niger River • The Congo River • The Zambezi River

  6. The Nile River • Longest river in the world • More than 4,000 miles long • Twice the length of the Mississippi • Flood cycle helps farmers with crops • Silt makes fertile soil • Rich in substances that plants need to grow

  7. The Others • The Congo • Africa’s second longest river • Flows through the rain forest of Central Africa • The Niger • Africa’s third longest river • Begins in Guinea • The Zambezi • Africa’s fourth longest river • Home of Victoria Falls

  8. Lesson 1 Objectives • Learn about Africa’s four regions and its major landforms. • Find out about Africa’s major rivers.

  9. ASSIGNMENT!!!

  10. Lesson 2 Objectives • Discover the factors that influence Africa’s climate. • Learn the characteristics of each of Africa’s vegetation regions. • Find out how climate can affect the health of people living in Africa.

  11. Africa’s Climate and Vegetation • What influences climate in Africa? • Distance from the Equator • Elevation • Nearness to large bodies of water

  12. Distance From the Equator • Much of Africa lies between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn • Tropical climate • Difference in seasons • North of Equator • Same seasons as U.S. • South of the Equator • Opposite seasons as U.S.

  13. The Role of Elevation • Mount Kilimanjaro • Close to the Equator • Ice and snow-covered year round • Somalia and Ethiopia • Same distance from the Equator • Ethiopia on a high plateau • Receive plenty of rain • Somalia at lower elevation • Little rain • Can only farm near an oasis • A fertile place in a desert, with water and vegetation

  14. Africa’s Vegetation Regions • Tropical Rain Forests • Tropical Savannas • Deserts

  15. Tropical Rain Forests • Rain falls often during the year • Covers 20% of Africa • People live in cities, towns, or on farms • Grow cacao and cassava • Fish, hunt, and harvest timber

  16. Tropical Savannas • A region of tall grasses with scattered trees • Most common vegetation region in Africa • Home to large herd animals: • Lions • Elephants • Zebras • Two seasons • Dry • Farming is impossible • Wet • Farmers plant crops

  17. Deserts of Africa • The Sahara Desert • The Namib Desert • The Kalahari Desert • Few people live in the desert • Nomads • People who have no permanent, settled home • Normally herders of goats, camels, or sheep • Set up tents near oases

  18. Climate and Health • Sleeping Sickness • Tsetse fly • One bite can kill cattle and cause a serious disease in humans • Malaria • Infected mosquitoes

  19. Lesson 2 Objectives • Discover the factors that influence Africa’s climate. • Learn the characteristics of each of Africa’s vegetation regions. • Find out how climate can affect the health of people living in Africa.

  20. ASSIGNMENT!!!

  21. Lesson 3 Objectives • Discover the ways in which Africans make use of their agricultural resources. • Learn about the mineral and energy resources found in Africa. • Find out what African countries are doing to improve their economic health.

  22. Africa’s Agricultural Resources • Subsistence farming • Raising just enough crops to support one’s family • North Africa • Barley and wheat • Saharan oases • Dates • West Africa • Corn and rice

  23. Crops For Sale! • Cash crops • Crops that are raised for sale • West Africa • Coffee • Cacao • East Africa • Tea

  24. Africa’s Natural Resources • Each African country has its own economy • A system for producing, distributing, consuming, and owning goods and services • Farming • Mining • Petroleum • Gold • Copper, silver, uranium, titanium, and diamonds

  25. Improving Africa’s Economy • Specialized economy • Farming • Africa relies on rainfall and crop prices • Trying to diversify • Add variety • More flexible economy • Not dependent on only one product

  26. Lesson 3 Objectives • Discover the ways in which Africans make use of their agricultural resources. • Learn about the mineral and energy resources found in Africa. • Find out what African countries are doing to improve their economic health.

  27. ASSIGNMENT!!!

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