1 / 20

Differences in Intelligence

Differences in Intelligence. NATURE (genetic influence). Twins intelligence scores are virtually as similar to those of the same person taking a test twice. Identical twins show a greater correlation in intelligence scores than fraternal twins.

lucien
Télécharger la présentation

Differences in Intelligence

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Differences in Intelligence

  2. NATURE (genetic influence) • Twins intelligence scores are virtually as similar to those of the same person taking a test twice. • Identical twins show a greater correlation in intelligence scores than fraternal twins. • Brain scans show twins have very similar gray matter volume

  3. NURTURE (environmental influence) • Malnutrition can influence cognitive development • Head Start and other programs increase children’s school readiness. • Intelligence scores tend to rise during the school year and drop of in the summer months. Argument for year round schooling. • Identical twins reared apart have a lower intelligence correlation than those reared together.

  4. The Flynn Effect • Overall intelligence testing has been improving this is called the Flynn Effect (Graph pg. 447) • The avg. person’s intelligence score 80 years ago is equal to a 76 today. • This trend has been observed in many countries. • What could cause the Flynn effect?

  5. The Flynn Effect

  6. Explaining the Flynn Effect • Better nutrition • Better education • More stimulating environments • Smaller families

  7. Ethnic Similarities and Differences • The Disturbing Facts: • Racial groups differ in their average intelligence scores • Avg. IQ for Whites – 100 • Avg. IQ for Blacks – 85 • Avg. IQ for other minorities – between 85 and 100 • Although this gap is shrinking slowly, it still persists. • Are these differences due to genetics or the environment?

  8. Ethnic Similarities and Differences • Genetics research reveals that under the skin, the races are remarkably alike. • Individual differences within races are much greater than the differences between races. • White and Black infants score equally well on infant intelligence measures.

  9. Nature vs. Nurture Intelligence summary • Nature vs. Nurture-Intelligence – YouTube

  10. Gender Differences • Gender differences in intelligence is minor… • Girls are better spellers • Girls are more verbally affluent • Girls surpassed boys in memory for picture associations • Girls are sensitive to touch, taste and odor • Girls are better at detecting emotions • Boys outnumber girls in underachievement - More boys in special education classes • Boys are better at math problem solving • Boys spatial ability is superior

  11. Take the Australian and Chitling Tests • Take tests

  12. Cultural Bias in testing • Is there cultural bias in testing?

  13. What is meant by bias? • Tests detect differences caused by cultural experiences • Ex. Question – What is a Tobaggon? (regional bias southerners scored lower) • A cup is paired with a saucer or you buy insurance to protect your property • If this is the case, are intelligence tests a vehicle for discrimination? • Some defend the aptitude tests and believe they only reveal inequalities

  14. Bias in Testing • TAKE STANDARDIZED TEST OF QUESTIONS THAT HAVE BEEN ELIMINATED DUE TO BIAS. • Q. WHY WERE THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS CONSIDERED BIAS

  15. Environmental Explanations for IQ Gap • Self –fulfilling prophecies- Video Stossell in the classroom. • Student beliefs about themselves- WH/Bl DOLL experiment and Brown vs. bd. of education • Teacher beliefs about student abilities. Pygmallion in the classroom experiment. • How Priming Impacts Your Performance – YouTube • YOUTUBE- Doll Test • Teacher’s unconscious bias when selecting who can take upper level classes. CMS study on 6th to 12th grade English scores. • Nutrition and scores. • In group pressures to not "act white" Uncle Toms.

  16. Environmental Explanations for IQ Gap • tests created by majority group. • Prejudice has negative influence on achievement. • Fewer role models. • Less of a perception of school as a means to better life. • Fewer family financial concerns. • (Role of TV films).

  17. Stereotype Threat • Stereotype threat – a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype. (self-fulfilling prophecy) – p. 465 • Ex. Women score higher on math tests when they are not tested alongside of men • Ex. Blacks score higher when tested by a black test administrator rather than a white test administrator

  18. Who succeeds on the SAT? • Studies show that upper class white males tend to perform better than any other subject. Why? • Test was created by white, upper-class males. – What does being like the test creators have anything to do with your ability to perform well on a test? • High socio economic status vocabulary • Test preparation - $$$ • Taking test several times - $$$ • Any others?

  19. Evidence supporting SAT Bias • Females have higher HS GPA’s but males perform better on SAT’s • Over 1400 SAT scores (1600 scale): 29% from upper class 24% from middle class 14% from lower class High School performance among these particular students has opposite numbers.

  20. Wake Forest Ends testing • No SATs for Wake Forest University – YouTube Wake Forest example lends doubt to the SATs | McClatchy A New Book Argues Against the SAT - NYTimes.com Review Institutional Discrimination and Standardized Testing/ Homogeneous Grouping.

More Related