Victorian Visual Arts

1. Victorian Visual Arts Architecture, Painting, Sculpture, and Design By: Tyler Himes and Kole Shade

2. Architecture • The Midland Hotel in London (to right) • House of Parliament (below)

3. architecture • Manchester Town Hall • The Oval Pavilion Cricket Ground

4. architecture • Harlaxton Manor; Lincolnshire, England • Mentmore Towers • Buckinghamshire

5. architecture • Palace of Westminster

6. Signs of Victorian styling • Typical Jacobethan style had flattened arches, lighter stone trim around windows and doors, carved brick detailing, steep roof gables, pillars supporting porches, and high chimneys as in the Elizabethan. • A common result of being around Victorian Architecture is simply feeling like you are back in the time it was built, because Victorian styling, however modern it may be, is rooted to styles that go back to the Renaissance, so old building style is common.

7. Gothic revival period • Examples of decorative architecture

8. Victorian gothic architecture • Some characteristics of Victorian Gothic architecture are the focuses on light, emphasis on verticality, overall height, majesty, and many arches. • Victoria Tower, Palace of • Westminster

9. Victorian illustration

10. Background • Some of the more common themes for art included landscapes, fairies, and nude women. • There are many different types of illustration. • -Woodblock Engraving (Old Vignette and Pen and Ink) • -Cylinder Press (Invented during this time) • -Etching • -Lithography • Advancements were made in color printing

11. Woodblock engraving • Woodblock engraving uses a block of wood that then has an image carved onto it. • The carved block is then dipped of pressed against some form of ink and the wood absorbs the ink. • Then the block is taken and pressed firmly against the paper and the image is transferred . • A modern equivalent is the simple rubber stamp.

12. Cylinder pressing • Around mid-century the hand press was finally replaced by various cylinder presses. • High speed presses were far more efficient for longer runs but were not typically used for short-run production books and documents. • Cylinder pressing was the first mechanized printing type and almost eliminated the need for human printing; although sometimes a human eye and touch was necessary

13. etching • Copper (in the eighteenth century) or a steel plate was covered with a etching 'ground' designed to protect the plate's surface. • The ground, a mixture of wax and pitch called asphaltum, was rubbed onto the heated plate's surface, which was then blackened by using a candle flame. • With a lead pencil the workman would copy the picture on tracing paper, then place the tracing paper face down on the treated plate; he would then run paper and plate together through a rolling press to transfer the image from the paper to the plate's surface, which would present the desired image as a series of silvery lines against the black background. • The engraver would work on the image with a series of steel needles with 

14. lithography • Lithography was actually discovered and invented on accident by a Czech man by the name of AloysSenefelder. • It was cheaper and more versatile than natural printing • Unfortunately lithography is a painstakingly long process and is by no means efficient. • Lithography remained popular in England until the end of the century, when it was upgraded by photogravure.

15. Pre-ralphaelite brotherhood • Founded in 1849 by a man named William Hunt • They were trying to invent or create an art that would be suitable for the modern age • They did this by: • 1. Testing and Defying all conventions • 2. Precise representation of even the simplest objects • 3. Encouraging of writers and artists to share each other's professions • 4. Looking for new subjects • The PRB was more than what it seems, it was an entire movement that affected every aspect of visual arts in the Victorian Era.

16. sculpture • Victorian Era sculpture focused mostly on animals, portraits, nudes, biblical, Shakespearean, modern life, work, and some medieval subjects. • Statues in cemeteries were very popular for some reason during this era.

17. The end