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B04-3 Calorimeter Trigger

B04-3 Calorimeter Trigger. Sridhara Dasu, University of Wisconsin DOE CD1 Review 26 August 2013. The Grand Plan for Trigger Upgrade. LHC Calendar 2012: Discovered the Higgs 2013-2014: Make upgrades to handle 14 TeV + 2 x 10 34 cm –2 s –1

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B04-3 Calorimeter Trigger

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  1. B04-3 Calorimeter Trigger Sridhara Dasu, University of Wisconsin DOE CD1 Review 26 August 2013 DOE CD1 Review - US CMS Upgrade - Trigger

  2. The Grand Plan for Trigger Upgrade LHC Calendar • 2012: Discovered the Higgs • 2013-2014: Make upgrades to handle 14 TeV + 2 x 1034 cm–2 s–1 • 2015-2017: Discover new high energy physics phenomena using data at 14 TeV + study the Higgs + EWSB mechanism • 2018-2019: Make upgrades to handle 14 TeV + 5 x 1034 cm–2 s–1 • 2020-2022: Program is dependent on what we find by 2018 CMS Plans • 2013: Finalize trigger designs and prototyping • 2014: Construct the trigger modules • 2015: Early operation with pre-production modules (Stage-1) • 2016-2017: Operations with fully upgraded trigger (Stage-2) Rapid plan to ensure success in 2015-2017 run! • Plans backed up by thorough prototyping that is already underway DOE CD1 Review - US CMS Upgrade - Trigger

  3. Technical Opportunity FPGA & Telecom technology advances • Ubiquitous 10 Gbps links • FPGAs with 72 rx/tx links with built in serdes • Xilinx Vertex-7 platform • Gigantic cores • DSP units, BRAM and Embedded processors • Fiber optic components • Avago mini-pods with 12x • Ripe time to upgrade from VME to uTCA LHC long shutdown 2013-2014 • Sufficient time for copper  optical transition for inputs • Ensures that upgraded electronics is ready for operation in 2016 • Partial upgrade operation from 2015 itself DOE CD1 Review - US CMS Upgrade - Trigger

  4. Calorimeter Trigger Layers 1 & 2 US: UK: Vienna: DOE CD1 Review - US CMS Upgrade - Trigger

  5. Algorithms Algorithm layers • First layer builds local clusters of energy deposits • Determines energy and cluster type (EM or Hadronic) • Second layer builds triggerable objects from clusters • Electron/Photon, Tau, Jet, MET, … Mapping to architectures • Traditional architecture • Algorithm layer-1 maps to physical layer-1 electronics • Key feature: nearest-neighbor sharing • Sufficient to build clusters locally • Algorithm layer-2 maps to physical layer-2 electronics • All clusters available in one FPGA • Time multiplexing architecture • All primitive data passes through one FPGA • Potential for clever on-the-fly processing, if feasible/necessary DOE CD1 Review - US CMS Upgrade - Trigger

  6. HCAL Optical Splitters HCAL Energy ECAL Energy Regional Calo Trigger Global Calo Trigger HF Energy HCAL Energy Layer 1 Calo Trigger Upgrade L1 Trigger System Current L1 Trigger System EM candidates Region energies Layer 2 Calo Trigger Current & Upgraded Calo Trigger Copper Optical Risk mitigation by operating current and adiabatic stages of upgrade CT concurrently mHTR HTR TCC mHTR oSLB oRM CTP US US oRSC UK UK MP7 DOE CD1 Review - US CMS Upgrade - Trigger

  7. Calorimeter Trigger Components DOE CD1 Review - US CMS Upgrade - Trigger

  8. ECAL energy Global Calo Trigger Regional Calo Trigger HCAL energy Evolution: Stage-1 Upgrade in 2015 Uses reprogrammed RCT clusters with improved algorithms in Layer-2 Also, brings in all the power of finer grain HF using “Slice Test” of Layer-1 & 2 Improved PU subtraction, Isolation Calculation (e/γ/τ/μ) & Half-tower Position Resolution Add to bring in finer grain EM clusters US Items: oRSCs, oSLB/oRMcommissioning CTP Layer 1 Processors RCT RO+Testing CTP UK Items: MP7 Layer 2 Processors 36 mHTRs HF energy 2 CTP7s 9 CTP7s Layer 1 Processors oRSC oRM ECAL & HF Clusters Half-tower position oSLB RCT RO + Testing 2 CTP7s 4x4 E+H Clusters 2x1 E+H Clusters 2-bit region ID Spare Layer 2 Calo Trigger Layer 2 Calo Trigger Heavy Ion Muon 4 MP7s Jets & Sums eGammaTau GCT fallback remains Layer 2 Processors With just a fraction of final cards or even prototypes, derive many benefitsof fullupgrade, incl. muon isolation DOE CD1 Review - US CMS Upgrade - Trigger

  9. Algorithm Studies Stage-1 uses clusters from RCT+HF processed by new mTCA cards • Adiabatic improvements to calorimeter trigger dataflow • Algorithm stage takes advantage of larger FPGA resources • Performance of the “revised” algorithms is very good • eGammaTau studied by FNAL/Wisconsin  • eGamma and muon isolation studied by UCSD  • Muon isolation and b-jet tagging with muons studied by Ohio  • Heavy Ion jet cleanup studied by MIT  • Improved jet finding with PU subtraction by UIC  • Further improvements using full ECAL granularity in Stage-1 • Improved eGammaTau isolation & position (FNAL, Wisconsin) • Pile-up handling with lower LSB for ECAL (FNAL, Wisconsin) • Improved jet position and PU subtraction (Davis) DOE CD1 Review - US CMS Upgrade - Trigger

  10. Electron / Photon Trigger Improved control on isolation • Factor of 2-3 reduction in rate with small loss in efficiency DOE CD1 Review - US CMS Upgrade - Trigger

  11. Tau Trigger Big improvement in efficiency with ~10X rate reduction! Current tau trigger has large and negative PU dependence DOE CD1 Review - US CMS Upgrade - Trigger

  12. Jet Triggers Single jet thresholds similar to current • Multi-jet trigger thresholds better in upgrade (PU sub.) • Small improvement in efficiency turn-on HT = SPTJets Single jet Quad jet DOE CD1 Review - US CMS Upgrade - Trigger

  13. Physics Performance Summary Average Improvement: 17% (Low Lumi) & 40% (High Lumi) DOE CD1 Review - US CMS Upgrade - Trigger

  14. Technical Feasibility • Prototypes for all major cards exist & have passed tests • Upgrade is based upon common μTCA hardware platform also used by HCAL & other CMS systems • Upgrade trigger is replacing existing trigger hardware built by the same team → interfaces well understood • Same team wrote software & firmware for existing trigger system → scope & requirements well understood • Requirements are frozen in approved Trigger TDR DOE CD1 Review - US CMS Upgrade - Trigger

  15. Calo Trigger Team Experience • Wesley Smith • CMS Trigger Project Manager 1994-2007, • Trigger Coordinator 2007 – 2012 • US CMS L2 Trigger Project Manager 1998 – present • Sridhara Dasu • US CMS L3 Manager for Calorimeter Trigger, 1998 – present • Author of original & upgrade cal. trig. Algorithms 1994 – present • Pam Klabbers – Operations & Testing • CMS RCT Operations Manager (more than a decade on RCT project) • CMS Deputy Trigger Technical Coordinator • Tom Gorski– Hardware & Firmware • Over a decade of engineering on the CMS Calorimeter Trigger • Mathias Blake – Firmware • New to project -- 5 years Applications Engineer at Xilinx, 2 years FPGA Engineer at DRS Technologies, 3 years FPGA Design Engineer at Dolby Labs • JesTikalsky and Evan Friis – Software • Providing prototype testing software (Friis has experience with current RCT) DOE CD1 Review - US CMS Upgrade - Trigger

  16. Calorimeter Trigger WBS Detail ← Muon Trigger M&S paid byCMS-France DOE CD1 Review - US CMS Upgrade - Trigger

  17. HCAL & ECAL Trigger Primitives • Upgraded HCAL Readout & Trigger Electronics (μHTR) is after split that sends data to old electronics (HTR) • μHTR supplies TP to upgrade trigger, HTR continues to send to present trigger • ECAL Trigger Concentrator Cards (TCC) are not upgraded, instead their mezzanines with trigger serial links are replaced (Lisbon): • Optical Serial Link Board oSLB replaces single copper link to current Regional Calorimeter Trigger (RCT – U. Wisc.) with two optical links (WBS 401.04.04.06) • One optical link to optical Receiver Module (oRM) on RCT (WBS 401.04.04.05) • Replaces copper Receiver Module • One optical link to input of Upgraded Calorimeter Trigger: CTP7 Card • 574 oSLB’s & oRM’s with Fibers installed in 2014 • French Contribution to Calorimeter Trigger (no US Upgrade Funds) • Presently oSLB & oRM in final prototype stage • oSLB: oRM: OSLB Output / oRM Input: 4x channels @ 1.2 Gbps  4.8 Gbps DOE CD1 Review - US CMS Upgrade - Trigger

  18. 401.04.04.02: CTP Card Concept • Main processor card • Virtex-7 690T for processing • ZYNQ for TCP/IP + linux • 60 10G optical Input links • 36 10G opticalOutput links • Function: Find ET clusters & transmit to Layer-2 • Card Count = 46 • 36 total + 8 spares + 2 test setups 1V 30A Supply 3.3V Supply 1.5V Supply CXP Module 12Tx + 12 Rx 2.5V Supply CXP Module 12Tx + 12 Rx Virtex-7 VX690T FPGA 12X Rx ZYNQ XC7Z030 EPP 12X Rx CXP Module 12Tx + 12Rx (CTP-6 BG View) DOE CD1 Review - US CMS Upgrade - Trigger

  19. CTP: Virtex-6 Prototype Exists Prototype with two V6 chips useful for most studies – limited to 6.4 Gbps IO & fewer (48) links Final V7 version offers more IO links and at higher 10 Gbps speed and larger logic JTAG/USB Console Interface Mezzanine Power Modules MMC Circuitry Back End FPGA XC6VHX250T/ XC6VHX380T 4X Avago AFBR-820B Rx Module 12x Multi Gig Backplane Connections Front End FPGA XC6VHX250T/ XC6VHX380T Dual SDRAM for dedicated DAQ and TCP/IP buffering Avago AFBR-810B Tx Module DOE CD1 Review - US CMS Upgrade - Trigger

  20. CTP: Basis of Estimate - Hardware • CTP7 is simpler than CTP6 prototype • Engineering effort for in-house design based on CTP6 work • Procurement of PCBs is based on recent CTP6 purchase • Good estimate of cost and schedule from prototype manufacture • Quotes available for all parts • Virtex-7 690T is the major cost driver – with recent quote • 3 690Ts donated by Xilinx • 5 690Ts purchased from Xilinx • Total of 8 FPGAs in-hand for prototypes • Optical modules based on recent purchase • Miscellaneous parts also have quotes or estimated from prototype purchases (power modules) DOE CD1 Review - US CMS Upgrade - Trigger

  21. CTP: Basis of Estimate - Effort • Firmware and software efforts estimated from prototype testing + prior RCT experience • Firmware algorithms for testing provide the basis for the core firmware, which is the most complicated • Tom Gorski and Mathias Blake • Trigger algorithm firmware work is based on prior experience managing GCT project (UK) • Wesley Smith was L1 project manager overseeing GCT • Software effort is based on current RCT • Sophistication of embedded Linux / TCP and shorter timeline for implementation requires professional software effort • JesTikalsky • Bulk of testing software from post-doc and graduate student • Pam Klabbers, Evan Friisand graduate students will develop software • Board and Firmware/Software done by the same group (Wisconsin) results in efficiencies DOE CD1 Review - US CMS Upgrade - Trigger

  22. 401.04.04.03: Crosspoint IO Card– U. Wisconsin (2/crate x 3 crates = 6 + spares) • Function: For inter-board connections • Input/Output: 48x 4.8-6.4 Gbps • Prototype exists • Fully tested • Firmware is minimal and exists • CIOX cost well known • Ready for production Controller (MMC and link mgmt) 4X Avago AFBR-79EQDZ QSFP+ Module Positions Backplane Rx/TxRedriver ICs (top and bottom sides) 4x4 Lane Bidirectional Multi Gig Backplane Connections DOE CD1 Review - US CMS Upgrade - Trigger

  23. 401.04.04.04: CTP Infrastructure:Vadatech VT894 Crate Test Setup (Final system: 3 crates w/ 12 CTP7 ea. + 2 test setups + spare = 6) TTC Downlink U. Wisconsin designed backplane with dense card interconnects manufactured & installed in commercial Vadatech VT892 Crate available in Vadatech Catalog BU AMC13 UW CTP-6 UW CTP-6 UW Aux Vadatech MCH DOE CD1 Review - US CMS Upgrade - Trigger

  24. CTP: Risk and Mitigation Strategy • The dominant risks are: • Availability of ALL trigger primitive inputs from ECAL, HCAL in optical format • Validation of large optical link plant in limited time • Fully validated trigger algorithms in firmware • Control and operations software • Risk mitigation strategy: • Continue to provide fully operational current trigger system in parallel with upgrade commissioning • Partial operation of the upgrade systems provide tangible benefits from 2015 onwards • Firmware or Software issues are mitigated by provisioning qualified additional temporary personnel • Ability to hire short term qualified staff at UW / FNAL / Elsewhere DOE CD1 Review - US CMS Upgrade - Trigger

  25. Calorimeter Trigger Risk Mitigation oRSC Function: Conversion to optical oRSC Input: RCT egt and jet clusters 80 MHz Parallel ECL oRSC Output: 6x copies at 6.4 Gbps optical • Goal (Original): • Provide readout of original RCT descopedduring construction project • Present readout through GCT input buffer not workable with trigger evolution • Uses connection to a single CTP6 prototype or CTP7 card for DAQ readout • optical Receiver Summary Card (oRSC) paid by DOE Nuclear • VME Slave Interface Card • Fits in current RCT Crates (1 per crate) • 18 Cards in 2015 System • Receives RCT Jet Sum Card Outputto GCTon Copper “SCSI” Data Cables • Provides direct optical input to GCT • Bypassing old optical conversion cards • Planned use for Heavy Ion Triggers • Prototype under test  • Multiple optical outputs provide: • Inputs for upgrade calorimeter trigger &parallel operation of old & new trigger wherever ECAL & HCAL electronics notavailable in 2015 DOE CD1 Review - US CMS Upgrade - Trigger

  26. Prototypes Status (Optical Links) • Input/Output verified – low bit error rate – clear eyes oRSC to CTP6 (11x 6.4 Gbps links) CTP6 to CTP6 (48x 6.4 Gbps links) oRSC to MP7(4x 6.4 Gbps links) DOE CD1 Review - US CMS Upgrade - Trigger

  27. HCAL TPG to CTP Integration Test • 12-links tested at 6.4 Gbps – no errors DOE CD1 Review - US CMS Upgrade - Trigger

  28. Running Linux on CTP6 FPGA – PetaLinux • Startup screen via USB console • Root login, pinging controller PC at 192.168.1.2 • Running on CTP-6 back end FPGA (`VHX250T) • Important step towards CTP-7 ZYNQ-based Linux DOE CD1 Review - US CMS Upgrade - Trigger

  29. Demonstrators & Critical Integration Tests • mHTR to CTP6 integration test at Madison (done) • Wisconsin/Minnesota : 12 links operated successfully • oRSCto CTP6 demonstrator at Madison (done) • Test 2-3 oRSCs and interface before shipment to CERN • oRSC to CTP6 platform at Prevessin(done) • 2 oRSCs emulate RCT + 1 CTP6 for RCT readout and algorithm tests • Full platform for system operations and control software development • oRSC- MP7 Integration test at Prevessin(done) • Wisconsin/Imperial July 2013 Milestone • CTP6 - oRSC-oRM/RCT - oSLB/TCC Integration Test at Prevessin • Wisconsin/Lisbon/LLR October 2013 Milestone • CTP6 - oRSC-oRM/RCT - oSLB/TCC -uHTR Integration Test at 904 • Wisconsin/Lisbon/LLR/Minnesota November 2013 Milestone • CTP7 - MP7 Integration test at Prevessin • Wisconsin/Imperial March 2014 Milestone DOE CD1 Review - US CMS Upgrade - Trigger

  30. Adiabatic Upgrade Timeline • 2013 • M&O + R&D Activity : oRSC construction, installation • Firmware development for RCT readout and testing using CTP6 • Lisbon / France : oSLB and oRM construction, installation • Minnesota / Wisconsin : mHTR to CTP6 testing • 2014 • Ensure fully working legacy RCT system with oRSC + CTP6 RO • CTP7, CIOX, … construction, validation • Firmware development for CTP7 testing and 2015 operation • 2015 • Commission and operate Stage-1 system • Firmware development and integration of Stage-2 system • 2016 • Commission and operate Stage-2 system DOE CD1 Review - US CMS Upgrade - Trigger

  31. CT Milestones DOE CD1 Review - US CMS Upgrade - Trigger

  32. Conclusion • Calorimeter Trigger Prototypes are in good state • Both CTP6 and CIOX validated • CTP7 is in design stage and is based on CTP6 experience • Crate infrastructure is also ready to go • Calorimeter Trigger Cost Basis is solid • Hardware costs based on purchase orders or firm quotes • Firmware and Software estimates are based on prior experience • Experienced team with risk mitigation by ability to add people • Calorimeter Trigger Risk Analysis • Cost and schedule risks with mitigation plans are presented • Calorimeter Trigger Team ready to get started • CD1 approval will be much appreciated! DOE CD1 Review - US CMS Upgrade - Trigger

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