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RADIO

This exploration delves into the history and shifting roles of radio as a mass medium. From its use during World War I to control communications for militaristic purposes, to the Golden Age of entertainment in the 1930s-1950s, radio has seen various motivations: education, advertising, and oppositional voices during social movements. The introduction and subsequent abandonment of the Fairness Doctrine highlight radio's complex relationship with free speech. Today, we question the implications of losing shared listening experiences in an increasingly disembodied digital landscape.

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RADIO

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Presentation Transcript

  1. A new kind of mass media – “disembodied newspapers” RADIO

  2. Sharing in the listening experience – Broadcast

  3. Sharing in the listening experience – Broadcast • What does it mean to lose the communal/shared experience of listening (or with television watching) the same thing at the same time as others?

  4. Radio’s Goals and Motivations

  5. Radio’s Goals and Motivations • Militaristic – 1917 – 1919: World War I – government shuts down all radio for military use only.

  6. Radio’s Goals and Motivations • Militaristic – 1917 – 1919: World War I – government shuts down all radio for military use only. • Advertizing – 1920s: Large networks used sponsorship to pay for radio.

  7. Radio’s Goals and Motivations • Militaristic – 1917 – 1919: World War I – government shuts down all radio for military use only. • Advertizing – 1920s: Large networks used sponsorship to pay for radio. • Educational – 1927: response to The Radio Act of 1927 favoring of Big Business, non-profit Radio Broadcasters formed The National Committee on Education by Radio.

  8. Radio’s Goals and Motivations (cont.)

  9. Radio’s Goals and Motivations (cont.) • Entertainment – 1930s – 1950s: Radio’s Golden Age

  10. Radio’s Goals and Motivations (cont.) • Entertainment – 1930s – 1950s: Radio’s Golden Age • Oppositional – 1950s – 1960s: Harder to find on the dial, were union sponsored radio that promoted workers rights, Civil Rights Movement, Vietnam War protest, Feminist Movement.

  11. Radio’s Goals and Motivations (cont.) • Entertainment – 1930s – 1950s: Radio’s Golden Age • Oppositional – 1950s – 1960s: Harder to find on the dial, were union sponsored radio that promoted workers rights, Civil Rights Movement, Vietnam War protest, Feminist Movement. • Music – 1970s: hi-fidelity radio and Top40 – sells music.

  12. Radio’s Goals and Motivations (cont.) • Entertainment – 1930s – 1950s: Radio’s Golden Age • Oppositional – 1950s – 1960s: Harder to find on the dial, were union sponsored radio that promoted workers rights, Civil Rights Movement, Vietnam War protest, Feminist Movement. • Music – 1970s: hi-fidelity radio and Top40 – sells music. • Conservative – 1980s: Death of the “Fairness Doctrine” in 1987 under President Ronald Reagan unleashes politically motivated AM dial conservative agenda talk radio.

  13. Riveting Radio

  14. Riveting Radio • 1925: Calvin Coolidge is the first president to be inaugurated live on radio

  15. Riveting Radio • 1925: Calvin Coolidge is the first president to be inaugurated live on radio • 1937: the Hindenburg crash is covered by live broadcast

  16. Riveting Radio • 1925: Calvin Coolidge is the first president to be inaugurated live on radio • 1937: the Hindenburg crash is covered by live broadcast • 1938: Orson Welles’ "War of the Worlds" radio hoax, so convincing that thousands of people actually thought Martians were attacking the US.

  17. Riveting Radio • 1925: Calvin Coolidge is the first president to be inaugurated live on radio • 1937: the Hindenburg crash is covered by live broadcast • 1938: Orson Welles’ "War of the Worlds" radio hoax, so convincing that thousands of people actually thought Martians were attacking the US. • 1941: The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor via telephone

  18. Orson Wells, creator of “War of the Worlds” radio hoax of 1938 comments on his aims 16yrs later… (from a clip from RadioLab)

  19. The Fairness Doctine • Enforced balance – a protection or an limit to free speech? • The Federal Communication Commission introduced the Fairness Doctrine in 1949 as a way to ensure radio coverage spent equal time to both sides of controversial topics. • The FCC eliminated the doctrine in 1987, and removed all language surrounding the doctrine in 2011.

  20. You’ve Just WON funding! • For a new radio venture! • What will your radio venture be? • Consider: • For profit? Or not-for-profit? • Radio show formats? New? Based on older • formats? • Content? News? Music? What else? • Outlets? How will your audience have access your show(s)? • If news is part of your radio venture, will you try to abide to the Fairness Doctrine, (even though you don’t have to legally)?

  21. Prometheus Radio Project Low Powered Radio

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