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AP Psych

AP Psych. 16-18. Classifying Disorders. Anxiety Generalized Anxiety Disorder Panic Disorder Phobias Agoraphobia Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder PTSD Somatoform Disorders Conversion Disorder and Hypochondriasis No physical cause. Dissociative Disorders Amnesia DID Mood Disorders

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AP Psych

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  1. AP Psych 16-18

  2. Classifying Disorders • Anxiety • Generalized Anxiety Disorder • Panic Disorder • Phobias • Agoraphobia • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder • PTSD • Somatoform Disorders • Conversion Disorder and Hypochondriasis • No physical cause

  3. Dissociative Disorders • Amnesia • DID • Mood Disorders • major Depression v. Dysthymia • Bipolar Disorder (Manic-Depression) • Schizophrenic Disorders • Paranoid • Catatonic • Hebephrenic (disorganized) • Personality Disorders • Anti-Social • Histrionic – need attention from others • Narcissistic • Borderline – unstable relationships

  4. Therapies: • Psychoanalysis (Freud) • Resistance, transference • Humanistic (Rogers) • Unconditional positive regard, person-centered therapy, active listening • Behavior Modification (Skinner) • Counter-conditioning • Systematic desensitization • Aversive conditioning • Operant conditioning, token economy • Cognitive (Beck) • Internal, external locus • Learned helplessness

  5. Therapies: • Rational Emotive Therapy – RET (Ellis) • Correction of irrational thinking • Eclectic Therapy • Drug Therapies • Anti-depressants (Prozac, Zoloft) • Anti-psychotics (Thorazine) • Anti-anxiety (Xanax, Valium)

  6. Attitudes & behavior Cognitive dissonance – tension when behavior doesn’t match attitude Festinger& Carlsmith study – One group paid $1 to lie, other $20 for boring task $20 group had less cognitive dissonance, told truth $1 group lied – reported & remembered experience as pleasant ComplianceFoot-in-the-door Door-in-the-face Norms of reciprocity Attribution theory Fundamental attribution error – overestimate personality (disposition) Self-fulfilling prophecy Rosenthal & Jacobsen – Pygmalion in the classroom study Attributionalbiases Collectivist cultures less likely to make fundamental attribution error False-consensus effect Self-serving bias Just-world belief (blame-the-victim results)

  7. Stereotypes, Prejudice & Discrimination Stereotypes– based on prototypes (origins possibly in categorization) Prejudice– negative attitude, discrimination – actions based on prejudice in-group/out-group in-group bias Combating– superordinate goals

  8. Aggression • Instrumental aggression (used to achieve goal) • Hostile aggression (no reason) Frustration-aggression hypothesis Modeling (Bandura Bobo doll)

  9. Prosocial behavior altruism Bystander effect diffusion of responsibility pluralistic ignorance – look to others for lead in behavior Attraction Similarity Proximity Reciprocal liking

  10. Influence on others Social facilitation Social impairment (or social inhibition) Conformity Asch study Obedience Milgramstudy Group influence Norms – perceived rules about how members of group should act Roles Zimbardo study Social loafing Group polarization – move toward extreme group members Deindividuation– anonymity Groupthink (Janis) – harmony, unanimity encouraged Ex. Challenger disaster, Bay of Pigs invasion

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