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KS3 Chemistry

KS3 Chemistry. 8E Atoms and Elements. Contents. 8E Atoms and Elements. What are atoms and elements?. Symbols for elements. Elements in the periodic table. Making compounds. Chemical reactions. Summary activities. How many different substances are there?. How many

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KS3 Chemistry

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  1. KS3 Chemistry 8EAtoms and Elements

  2. Contents 8E Atoms and Elements What are atoms and elements? Symbols for elements Elements in the periodic table Making compounds Chemical reactions Summary activities

  3. How many different substances are there? How many different substances can you think of? There are millions of different substances! What are they all made of?

  4. All substances are made of atoms All substances are made of very tiny particles called atoms. Many substances are made up of different types of atoms. carbon and hydrogen atoms hydrogen and oxygen atoms carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen and sulphur atoms iron, aluminium, silicon, oxygen and boron atoms

  5. What is an element? All substances are made of very tiny particles called atoms. There are about one hundred substances that are made up of justone type of atom. These are the elements. carbon helium copper The elements are the simplest substances in the universe. The elements are the building blocks of all other substances.

  6. Atoms in elements An element is a substance made up of only one type of atom. Copper is an element made up of copper atoms only. Helium is an element made up of helium atoms only. Carbon is an element made up of carbon atoms only.

  7. Atoms and molecules of elements An element is a substance made up of only one type of atom. In some elements, the atoms are joined in groups of two or more. A particle containing atoms grouped in this way is called a molecule. Oxygen is an element made up of oxygen atoms only. How many atoms are there in an oxygen molecule? Other elements, that contain atoms joined in molecules are hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine and bromine.

  8. Contents 8E Atoms and Elements What are atoms and elements? Symbols for elements Elements in the periodic table Making compounds Chemical reactions Summary activities

  9. Introducing chemical symbols H = hydrogen O = oxygen nitrogen carbon N = C = F = fluorine I = iodine Li = lithium Pb = lead aluminium Al = gold Au = He = helium Ag = silver A standard set ofsymbolsisusedtorepresentelements: • The symbol for many of the more common elements uses just the first letter of the name. • Others elements have the first two letters. • Some of the symbols are not always as you might expect.

  10. Symbols as an international language

  11. How to write symbols for elements No, Watson! It was carbon monoxide poisoning – not cobalt. Two important rules should be followed when writing the symbols of elements so that there is no confusion. 1. The first letter of an element’s symbol is always a capital letter. e.g.N(notn)fornitrogen 2. If there are two letters in the element’s symbol, the second letter is always a small letter. e.g.Co(notCO)forcobalt

  12. Chemical symbols game

  13. The Story of ‘The Kid’

  14. Spelling with symbols activity Write down the symbols for each element listed and use these to spell out a word that matches the clue. CHeSS • Board game: carbon,helium, two sulphurs • Relative: sulphur, oxygen, nitrogen • Fuel: carbon, oxygen, aluminium • Group of fish: sulphur, hydrogen, oxygen, aluminium • For the rubbish: boron, iodine, nitrogen SON COAl SHOAl BIN

  15. Symbols for molecules of elements H 2 In some elements, the atoms are joined together and form molecules. Combining the symbols of the atoms in a molecule gives you the formula of the molecule. What is the formula for the molecules in each element? O2 oxygen There are groups of two atoms in each molecule. hydrogen N2 nitrogen

  16. Contents 8E Atoms and Elements What are atoms and elements? Symbols for elements Elements in the periodic table Making compounds Chemical reactions Summary activities

  17. Arranging elements

  18. Metal or non-metal? magnesium (Mg) phosphorus (P) sulfur (S) H He copper (Cu) Li Be B C N O F Ne iodine (I) iron (Fe) Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt ? ? ? antimony (Sb) Is this element a or a ? metal non-metal Hard to say! Mg Mg P S S P Fe Cu Fe Cu Sb I I Sb

  19. Metals and non-metals in the periodic table The periodic table is a list of all the known elements which are arranged according to the similarities in their properties. Non-metals are mostly on the right. Metals are on the left and in the centre. Xe What type of elements are between metals and non-metals?

  20. Types of elements in the periodic table

  21. Metal, non-metal or metalloid? H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt ? ? ? francium (Fr) krypton (Kr) silicon (Si) scandium (Sc) cobalt (Co) metalloid non-metal metal metal metal Which side are the non-metals on? Which side are the metals on? What are metalloids? Metals are on the left and in the centre. Metalloids sometimes behave like metals and sometimes like non-metals. Non-metals are mostly on the right.

  22. Contents 8E Atoms and Elements What are atoms and elements? Symbols for elements Elements in the periodic table Making compounds Chemical reactions Summary activities

  23. Combining elements How is possible to have so many different materials from a limited number of elements?

  24. Combining elements How do you get so many different cheeses? What is the key ingredient in all cheeses? Milk is combined with a small number of ingredients under different conditions to make a huge number of different cheeses. In a similar way, a small number of elements can be combined in many different ways to make a huge number of different compounds.

  25. What is a compound? A compoundis the substance produced when two or more elements combine in a chemical reaction. Two elements, hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O), combine to make the compound, water. Which two elements combine to make the compound carbon dioxide? A compound is always made up of two or more different types of atom.

  26. Making a compound – carbon dioxide carbon oxygen carbon dioxide A black solid which can be used as a fuel. A colourless gas which is essential for life. A colourless gas which is used to put out fires. A compound has very different properties to the elements from which it is made. elements compound combines with to make

  27. Making a compound – water oxygen hydrogen water A liquid which is essential to our lives and has many different uses. A colourless gas which is essential for life. A colourless gas which is used in hot air balloons. What are the elements which make up water? In what ways are the elements different to their compound? elements compound combines with to make

  28. Element or compound?

  29. Element or compound?

  30. Contents 8E Atoms and Elements What are atoms and elements? Symbols for elements Elements in the periodic table Making compounds Chemical reactions Summary activities

  31. Chemical reaction to make water + oxygen water hydrogen In a chemical reaction new substances are formed. Elements combine with each other to make new substances called compounds. Thesubstanceswhichcombinein areactionarethereactants. The new substances produced in a reaction are the products. The products have different properties to the reactants from which they are formed. Compounds can also combine with elements or other compounds to make new compounds.

  32. Atoms joining in a chemical reaction + hydrogen oxygen water H H O O H H When the two elements, hydrogen and oxygen, combine in a chemical reaction, the hydrogen and oxygen atoms do not just mix together they become joined to one another. + In a chemical reaction, the atoms in the reactants become joined in different ways and this is how new substances are formed.

  33. Contents 8E Atoms and Elements What are atoms and elements? Symbols for elements Elements in the periodic table Making compounds Chemical reactions Summary activities

  34. Glossary atom –The smallest particle that can exist on its own. compound –Substance made up of two or more different elements that are chemically joined together. element –Substance made up of only one type of atom. formula –The symbols and numbers that represent the atoms in a substance. molecule –Two or more atoms that are chemically joined together. periodic table –Table in which all known elements are arranged based on their properties. symbol –One or two letters that represent an element.

  35. Anagrams

  36. Multiple-choice quiz

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