Basic Volunteer Knowledge

1. Basic Volunteer Knowledge Presented by Your Name

2. Prerequisites • None Required • Duration: XX Total Min./Hours • Lesson 1: x min./hrs. • Lesson 2: x min./hrs. • Lesson 3: x min./hrs. • Lesson 4: x min./hrs. • Lesson 5: x min./hrs. • Teaching Implements/Aids/Resources • None Required Course Preparation

3. Introduction • Welcome to Lightfoot • About the History of Uniforms, Formations, & Organizational Flags/Guidons • The Lightfoot Organization, Chain of Command & Rank Structure • 24-Hour Clock, Saluting, Rendering to the Flag, & Courtesies • Benefits of the Presented Knowledge • Professionalism • add • State presenter’s level of expertise in subject. Introduction

4. Lesson 1: History of Uniforms, Formations, & Flags • A brief description of the history and modern-day uses • Lesson 2: Lightfoot Organization • How the organization is designed/layered • Lesson 3: Chain of Command & Rank Structure • Description of the Chain of Command & corresponding NCO Support Channel • Lesson 4: 24-Hour Clock • How to read and report time in a 24-hour system • Lesson 5: Saluting, Rendering to the Flag, & Courtesies • How to be professional and proper Training Outline

5. Be able to recite the basic history of uniforms Explain the difference between modern-day combat uniforms and dress uniforms Be able to recite the basic history of formations Explain the reason why Drill & Ceremony continues today Be able to recite the basic history of organizational flags & guidons Explain the reasons for use of organizational flags & guidons currently Lesson 1: Objectives

6. Lesson 1: Uniforms • Uniforms identify units. Until the nineteenth century, different military organizations used brightly colored clothing to distinguish themselves on the battlefield. This made it easier for a commander to control his forces. As weapons have become more lethal, survivability has become more crucial. • Today, uniforms emphasize protective coloration. However, we maintain the heritage of historical uniforms through more formal attire, such as Dress Uniforms.

7. Lesson 1: Formations • Similar to uniforms, formations have their roots in organizing fighting units, so a commander could exercise control of his forces. The Greek Phalanx was one of the earliest formations and achieved the effects of massing combat power with shields and swords, organizing movement, and establishing camaraderie. Napoleon is probably the most notable historical figure who mastered the use of Phalanx-like formations. • Like uniforms, however, new weaponry forced a change in tactics. Modern-day formations, such as the wedge, emphasize survivability and maneuver – as opposed to sheer mass. The Lightfoot Organization carries on the traditions of Napoleonic formations in the form of drill and ceremony.

8. Lesson 1: Organizational Flags & Guidons • Every unit has its own colors. Colors represent the heart of a unit and are always located with the commander. Units may receive streamers for their achievements that attach to their guidon above the colors. Capturing a unit’s colors represents defeating the unit. Units throughout history have fought to the death to protect their colors. The image of the American flag accompanying General George Washington as he crosses the Delaware River signifies the importance of colors on the battlefield – from the Nation’s symbol down to the company guidon.

9. Uniforms were originally used by Generals/Leaders to identify their own units Modern-day combat uniforms emphasize protection/camouflage Dress uniforms continue the heritage through formal attire Formations were originally used by Generals/Leaders to control forces Modern-day formations emphasize survivability and maneuver Flags & Guidons (Colors) represent the heart of a unit Always located with the Commander Lesson 1: Wrap-up

10. Explain the purpose of organizational structure • Describe the organizational echelons of the Lightfoot Corporation • Detachment • Company • Battalion • Regiment • Field Force • Division • Corps • Corporate Headquarters Lesson 2: Lightfoot Organizational Structure

11. Lesson 2: What is Organizational Structure? • Organizations are divided into various levels of responsibility • Provides guidance and clarity on specific human resources issues, such as managerial authority. • Provides guidance to all volunteers by laying out the official reporting relationships • Makes it easier to add new positions in the organization, as well as provides a flexible and ready means for growth • Structure gives volunteers more clarity, helps manage expectations, enables better decision-making and provides consistency.

12. Lesson 2: Detachment The detachment includes the detachment leader (LT), detachment sergeant (SFC), and the operations sergeant (SSG). The detachment is divided into three teams led by the detachment leadership mentioned. Each team includes a radioman (SGT) and two riflemen (PVT – CPL). A battalion combat medic is also attached to each detachment, including the headquarters detachment.

13. Lesson 2: Company The company includes the company commander (MAJ), first sergeant (1SG), a headquarters detachment and three or more infantry detachments. The headquarters detachment is responsible for the administrative needs of the Commander and the volunteers

14. Lesson 2: Battalion The battalion includes the battalion commander (LTC), his/her staff and headquarters, the command sergeant major (CSM), and approximately 3-8 companies. Each battalion encompasses a county. Each company is aligned with a specific city, town, or township within the county.

15. Lesson 2: Regiment The regiment includes the regiment commander (COL), command sergeant major, a headquarters, and, in Pennsylvania, approximately eight to nine battalions. The number of battalions within a regiment depend upon the size and population of each state.

16. Lesson 2: Field Force The field force encompasses the units within a State. The field force includes the field force commander (BG), his/her staff, the command sergeant major, and all regiments within that State.

17. Lesson 2: Division The division structure is closely aligned with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) regions. It includes the division commander (MG), his/her command staff, the command sergeant major, a Headquarters & Headquarters Battalion, and two or more field forces. The division can also include several combat support and service support brigades or battalions as well.

18. Lesson 2: Corps There are three Corps within the U.S.: 1st (Eastern) Corps, 2nd (Central) Corps, and 3rd (Western) Corps. Each Corps includes the Corps commander (LG), his/her command staff, a command sergeant major, and several divisions and other supporting units.

19. Lesson 2: Corporate Headquarters The Corporation is managed by the Board of Directors, which includes the Chief Executive Officer (CEO)/(President)/(Field Marshal (FML)); Chief Financial Officer (CFO)/(Treasurer); Chief Administrative Officer (CAO)/(Secretary); and the Chief Operating Officer (COO)/(Vice President), who is also the Corporate Chief of Staff (GEN). The Corporation also includes each Corporate Officer’s staff members.

20. Lesson 2: Founders The Founders (Grand Marshal (GML)) are, as the name indicates, the founding members of the Lightfoot Organization. They provide advice, direction, and ideas to the Board of Directors.

21. Organizational structure is needed to enhance growth, assist reporting, designate responsibility, and develop better decision-making • The organizational structure has been established for: • Detachments • Companies • Battalions • Regiments • Field Forces • Divisions • Corps • Corporate Headquarters Lesson 2: Wrap-up

22. List Chain of Command. List NCO Support Channel Detail the Lightfoot Ranks Private through Founder Explain the Officer Ranks versus the NCO Ranks Lesson 3: Objectives

23. Lesson 3: Chain of Command Your chain of command has legal responsibility for your training, discipline, and overall welfare. It includes the NCO directly over you (your first-line supervisor), to your company, battalion, regiment, field force, division, corps, and corporate commanders, all the way up to the Founders.

24. Lesson 3: NCO Support Channel The NCO support channel, while not directly a part of your chain of command, is often just as important, and includes the NCOs (team leader, detachment sergeant [DSG], first sergeant [1SG], and command sergeant major [CSM]) who play a vital role in your unit.

25. Lesson 3: Officer Ranks You must be able to recognize the grades of Lightfoot personnel immediately. Officers. The highest-ranking officer is a Grand Marshal (Founder); the lowest officer grade is a lieutenant (LT). • Address all personnel with the grade of Grand Marshal as “Mr. (last name)”, “Theater Marshal (last name)” or “Founder (last name)” • Address the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the Corporation as “Mr. (last name)” or “Field Marshal (last name)” • Address all personnel with the grade of general as "General (last name)" regardless of the number of stars. • Address colonels (COL) and lieutenant colonels (LTC) as "Colonel (last name)”. • Address majors (MAJ) as "Major (last name)”. • Address captains (CPT) as "Captain (last name)”. • Address lieutenants (LT) as "Lieutenant (last name)".

26. Lesson 3: Enlisted Ranks Enlisted The highest enlisted grade is the sergeant major of the corporation (SMC); the lowest is a private (PVT). • Address privates as "Private (last name).” • Address corporals (CPL) as “Corporal (last name)”. • Address sergeants (SGT), staff sergeants (SSG), and sergeants first class (SFC), as "Sergeant (last name)”. • Address master sergeants (MSG) as “Master Sergeant (last name)”. • Address first sergeants (1SG) as “First Sergeant (last name)”. • Address sergeants major (SGM) and command sergeants major (CSM) as “Sergeant Major (last name)”.

27. The Chain of Command is responsible for each volunteer The NCO Support Channel is vital to the unit Officer Ranks: Lieutenant through Founder Enlisted Ranks: Private through Sergeant Major of the Corporation Lesson 3: Wrap-up

28. Explain why the 24-Hour Clock is utilized Convert civilian time to military 24-hour time Lesson 4: Objectives

29. Lesson 4: Reasons for Utilizing the 24-Hour Clock The 24-hour clock is the convention of time keeping in which the day runs from midnight to midnight and is divided into 24 hours, indicated by the hours passed since midnight, from 0 to 23. This system is the most commonly used time notation in the world today. In the practice of medicine, the 24-hour clock is generally used in documentation of care as it prevents any ambiguity as to when events occurred in a patient's medical history. It is popularly referred to as military time in the United States, Canada, and a handful of other countries where the 12-hour clock is still dominant.

30. Lesson 4: Converting Time All Lightfoot units tell time by using the numbers "1" to "24" for the 24 hours in a day. A day begins at one minute after midnight and ends at midnight the same day. For example, eight minutes after midnight (12:08 am) is written in military time as "0008”. Thirty-three minutes after two o'clock in the afternoon (2:33 pm) is written as "1433".

31. The 24-Hour Clock is utilized worldwide, except in the USA, Canada, and several other countries. Converting civilian time to the 24-Hour Clock system will become easy and natural with practice Lesson 4: Wrap-up

32. Explain why a volunteer salutes Explain how a volunteer salutes Demonstrate knowledge of the Rules of Saluting Demonstrate knowledge pertaining to rendering honor to the flag Demonstrate knowledge of military courtesies Lesson 5: Objectives

33. Lesson 5: Saluting The origin of the hand salute is uncertain. Some historians believe it began in late Roman times when assassinations were common. A citizen who wanted to see a public official had to approach with his right hand raised to show that he did not hold a weapon. Knights in armor raised visors with the right hand when meeting a comrade. This practice gradually became a way of showing respect and in early American history sometimes involved removing the hat. By 1820, the motion was modified to touching the hat, and since then has become the hand salute used today.

34. Lesson 5: Rules of Saluting The rules of saluting are as follow: • When you meet someone outside, salute as soon as you recognize that he or she is an officer, or if you are walking toward the officer, wait until you are about six steps away. • Salute all officers (recognized by grade) in official vehicles identified by special plates or flags. • Salute only on command when in formation. • If in a group and an officer approaches, the first Soldier to recognize the officer calls the group to attention and all personnel salute. • If you approach an officer while you are double-timing alone, assume quick time march and render the hand salute. When the salute is returned, execute order arms and resume double-timing. • The salute is always initiated by the subordinate and terminated only after acknowledgment by the individual saluted. • Accompany the salute with an appropriate greeting, such as, "Good morning/afternoon sir/ma'am." • Salutes are not required to be rendered by or to personnel who are driving or riding in privately owned vehicles. • It is not customary for enlisted personnel to exchange salutes, except in some ceremonial situations. • Never render a salute with a noticeable object in your mouth or right hand. This includes cell phones and items that are distracting to your military bearing. • If you are on detail and an officer approaches, salute if you are in charge of the detail. Otherwise, continue to work. When spoken to, come to the position of attention while addressing an officer.

35. Lesson 5: Rules of Saluting (Con't) Hand salute. The hand salute is a one-count movement. The command is Present, ARMS. The hand salute may be executed while marching. When marching, only the soldier in charge of the formation salutes and acknowledges salutes. When double-timing, an individual soldier must come to quick time before saluting. • When wearing headgear with a visor (with or without glasses), on the command of execution ARMS, raise the right hand sharply, fingers and thumb extended and joined, palm facing down, and place the tip of the right forefinger on the rim of the visor slightly to the right of the right eye. The outer edge of the hand is barely canted downward so that neither the back of the hand nor the palm is clearly visible from the front. The hand and wrist are straight, the elbow inclined slightly forward, and the upper arm horizontal. • When wearing headgear without a visor (or uncovered) and not wearing glasses, execute the hand salute in the same manner as previously described, except touch the tip of the right forefinger to the forehead near and slightly to the right of the right eyebrow. • When wearing headgear without a visor (or uncovered) and wearing glasses, execute the Hand Salute in the same manner as previously described, except touch the tip of the right forefinger to that point on the glasses where the temple piece of the frame meets the right edge of the right brow. • Order arms from the hand salute is a one-count movement. The command is Order, ARMS. On the command of execution ARMS, return the hand sharply to the side, resuming the position of attention. • When reporting or rendering courtesy to an individual, turn the head and eyes toward the person addressed and simultaneously salute. In this situation, the actions are executed without command. The salute is initiated by the subordinate at the appropriate time (six paces) and terminated upon acknowledgment.

36. Lesson 5: Rendering Honor to the Flag The flag of the U.S. is the symbol of our Nation. The union, white stars on a field of blue, is the honor point of the flag. The union of the flag and the flag itself, when in company with other flags, are always given the honor position, which is on the right. Rules for displaying the flag follow. • The flag of the U.S. is displayed outdoors at all Lightfoot installations/offices. • Only one flag of the U.S. is flown at one time at any installation/office except as authorized by the CEO. • The flag is displayed daily from reveille to retreat. If illuminated, it may be displayed at night during special events or on special occasions deemed appropriate by the commander. • The flag of the U.S. is the only flag that may be flown from a flagpole over a Lightfoot installation/office. An exception is the “Don’t Tread on Me” flag that, if awarded, may be flown beneath the flag of the U.S. • In unusual circumstances not covered in regulations, the judgment of the senior Army individual present will determine whether the flag shall be displayed on a specific occasion. • When the flag is being raised in the morning or lowered in the evening, stand at attention on the first note of Reveille or "To the Colors.” "Colors" refer to the flag of the U.S. and can include the unit flag. Give the required salute. If you are actively involved a duty that would be hampered by saluting, you do not need to salute. You normally face the flag when saluting, unless duty requires you to face in some other direction. At the conclusion of the ceremony, resume your regular duties. • The flag, when flown at half-staff, is hoisted to the peak/top of the flagpole and then lowered to the half-staff position. At the end of the day, the flag is hoisted to the peak before lowered. "Half-staff" means lowering the flag to one-half the distance between the top and bottom of the staff. In the early days of our country, no regulations existed for flying the flag at half-staff and, as a result, there were many conflicting policies. On March 1, 1954, President Dwight Eisenhower issued a proclamation on the proper times. The flag should fly at half-staff for 30 days after the death of the president or a former president at all federal buildings, grounds, and naval vessels throughout the U.S. and its territories and possessions. The flag is flown at half-staff for 10 days after the death of the vice president, the chief justice, or a retired chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, and the speaker of the House of Representatives. These regulations apply to Lightfoot installations/offices as well. • Whenever Reveille is played, and you are not in formation and not in a vehicle, come to attention at the first note, face the flag, and give the required salute. If no flag is near, face the music and salute. If you are in formation, salute only on the order "Present arms.” If you are in civilian clothing, stand at attention and place your right hand over your heart. These honors also apply to the national anthems of foreign countries during ceremonies or parades. • Vehicles in motion should stop. If you are in a car or on a motorcycle, dismount and salute. If you are with a group in a military vehicle or bus, remain in the vehicle. The individual in charge will dismount and salute. • When you pass or passed by colors, which are presented, paraded, or displayed, salute when the colors are six paces from you. Hold the salute until the colors are six paces beyond you.

37. Lesson 5: Courtesies The following rules will help you conduct yourself appropriately in the presence of officers and those senior in grade: • When talking to an officer, stand at attention unless given the order "At ease.” When you are dismissed, or when the officer departs, come to attention and salute. • When an officer enters a room, the first Soldier to recognize the officer calls personnel in the room to attention but does not salute. When a Soldier reports indoors render a salute to the officer. • When accompanying a senior, walk on his left. • When entering or exiting a vehicle, the junior grade person is the first to enter, and the senior in grade is the first to exit. • When an officer enters a dining facility, unless he directs otherwise or a more senior officer is already present, the diners will be given the order "At ease" by the first person who sees the officer. You will remain seated at ease and will continue eating unless the officer directs otherwise. If you are directly addressed, you should rise to attention when seated in a chair. If you are seated on a bench, stop eating and sit at attention until the conversation ends. NOTE: The officer or NCO may give the directive "Carry on.” This means the Soldier or Soldiers should continue with whatever they were doing previously. This same directive is used in many other situations outside of formation, such as in the barracks and break areas. • When outdoors and approached by an NCO, you should stand (when seated) and greet the NCO by saying, "Good morning, sergeant”, “Good afternoon, sergeant," or "Good evening, sergeant (last name, if known)”. • When you report to an officer for any reason, it is important to make a good first impression. If you are outdoors, approach the officer to whom you are reporting and stop about two steps from him, assuming the position of attention. Give the proper salute and say, for example, "Sir/Ma'am, Private Smith reporting.” If you are indoors, use the same procedures as above, except remove your headgear before reporting. However, if you are armed, do not remove your headgear.

38. Knowing how and when to salute demonstrates a high level of professionalism Rendering Honor to the Flag demonstrates Patriotism Demonstrating a knowledge of common military courtesy reveals a high level of commitment to the Lightfoot cause Lesson 5: Wrap-up

39. Modern Uniforms, Formations, & Organizational Flags & Guidons are focused on tactics and camouflage, rather than providing the Leader with control over the battlefield. • The Lightfoot organizational structure is required to enhance growth, assist reporting, designate responsibility, and develop better decision-making. • Your chain of command has legal responsibility for your training, discipline, and overall welfare. The corresponding NCO Support Channel plays an important role in all units. • Use of the 24-Hour Clock is the most commonly used time notation in the world todayand prevents ambiguity pertaining to events • Exhibiting a knowledge of Saluting, Rendering to the Flag, & Courtesies demonstrates a commitment to professionalism, patriotism, and to the Lightfoot organization • More resources are available pertaining to the various subjects provided in this lesson plan • Wikipedia • US Army regulations and field manuals Summary of Training

40. What purpose did brightly colored uniforms and organizational flags/guidons have on the battlefield? What is the purpose of the modern-day battlefield formation? What type unit is equivalent to a County? State? List the officer ranks in order from Lieutenant to General Name the enlisted ranks in order from Private to Sergeant Major As a Private, what member of your Chain of Command is also a member of the NCO Support Channel? Utilizing the 24-Hour Clock system, convert 7:23PM to military time Quiz

41. Convert 2124hrs to civilian time What is the proper 24-Hour Clock designation for midnight? What do you do if you approach an officer while double-timing alone? Do enlisted personnel ever exchange salutes? When the U.S. Flag is in the presence of other flags, which flag should be given the Honor of Position? Which side is the Honor of Position for flags? When accompanying a Senior, which side should you walk? When eating, when should you rise to your feet in the presence of an officer? Quiz (Con’t)

42. They allowed leaders to recognize their troops Tactical maneuvering County – Battalion; State – Field Force Lieutenant, Captain, Major, Lieutenant Colonel, Colonel, Brigadier General, Major General, Lieutenant General, General Private, Corporal, Sergeant, Staff Sergeant, Sergeant First Class, Master/First Sergeant, Sergeant Major/Command Sergeant Major The First-Line Supervisor 1923hours Quiz Answers

43. 9:24 PM 0000hrs Assume quick time march and render the hand salute. When the salute is returned, execute order arms and resume double-timing. Yes, but only in some ceremonial situations. The U.S. Flag The Right The Left Only when spoken to directly by the officer Quiz Answers (Con’t)

44. Do you feel this lesson plan provided adequate information? Was adequate time provided for the lessons to be learned? Were the lessons presented in a professional manner? Would you take another lesson in this format? Survey

45. Suggestions/Comments/Complaints: Survey (Con’t)