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Igneous Rocks

Igneous Rocks. What are Igneous Rocks?. Igneous rocks : form when molten (liquid) rock material cools into a solid. How do Igneous Rocks Form?. All igneous rocks form during solidification . Crystallization : when magma/lava cools and forms a solid composed of intergrown mineral crystals.

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Igneous Rocks

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  1. Igneous Rocks

  2. What are Igneous Rocks? • Igneous rocks: form when molten (liquid) rock material cools into a solid.

  3. How do Igneous Rocks Form? • All igneous rocks form during solidification. • Crystallization: when magma/lava cools and forms a solid composed of intergrown mineral crystals. Animation

  4. Compare the crystal sizes of these igneous rocks. granite pegmatite basalt Small crystals Large crystals

  5. Crystal Sizes • Crystal size depends on the length of time it takes the rock to cool. • Longer cooling = larger crystals Crystal size Time to Cool

  6. Large crystals indicate a slow cooling (days to 1000’s of years). Small crystals indicate a fast cooling (seconds to hours).

  7. What is the difference between extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks? • Extrusive – lava cools ON or ABOVE Earth’s surface • rocks have small or no crystals. • Intrusive – magma cools BELOW Earth’s surface • Rocks have large crystals.

  8. Devils Tower National Monument, Wyoming. An igneous intrusive body exposed by erosion.

  9. Palisades sill: A sill is a horizontal igneous intrusion. The Palisades sill is located on the west side of the Hudson river in NJ and lower NYS. Exposed by erosion, the Palisades are vertical cliffs seen in the photos (right)

  10. Extrusive (Volcanic) Textures Glassy (no crystals) (Obsidian) Fine crystals (Basalt)

  11. Intrusive (Plutonic) Textures Very Coarse Crystals (Pegmatite) Coarse crystals (Granite)

  12. Identification of Igneous Rocks 1. Texture: depends on: • Size of mineral crystals • Presence of glass • Gas bubbles (vesicles)

  13. Vesicular textures are full of bubbles Pumice Scoria

  14. Identification of Igneous Rocks 2. Color Light or Dark

  15. Identification of Igneous Rocks 3. Density Low or High Granite is a lower density igneous rock Peridotite is a higher density igneous rock

  16. Identification of Igneous Rocks 4. Composition • Mafic: contains Fe (iron) and Mg (magnesium) • Felsic: contains Al (Aluminum)

  17. Key Identifying Features of Igneous Rocks 1. Glassy Texture: No crystals 2. Intergrown mineral crystals: Interlocking (like puzzle pieces) 3. Vesicular: gas bubbles

  18. Intergrown Crystals

  19. Intergrown Crystals

  20. Intergrown Crystals

  21. NOT Intergrown Crystals

  22. Name a light-colored, fine-grained rock with no bubbles. Practice

  23. Name a coarse-grained, dense rock.

  24. Name a very light-colored, glassy, extrusive rock with bubbles.

  25. Finding The Minerals Unless you have other information, work in the middle of the rock’s box. Identify the rock.

  26. This is the amount of Potassium Feldspar in the rock.

  27. This is the amount of Quartz in the rock.

  28. This is the amount of Plagioclase Feldspar in the rock.

  29. Use tick marks on a scrap paper to measure the percentage. Potassium Feldspar 25% Quartz 40%

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