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Sustainability

Sustainability. ‘World Energy tour’ Textbook pg 293-305. Today:. Intro: ALBERTA OIL SANDS VIDEO CLIPS Working with your tables you will explore one of the seven ‘stops’ on the textbook’s ‘World Energy tour.’ At 10:00 each group will present the class with information about their ‘stop.’

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Sustainability

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  1. Sustainability ‘World Energy tour’ Textbook pg 293-305

  2. Today: • Intro: ALBERTA OIL SANDS VIDEO CLIPS • Working with your tables you will explore one of the seven ‘stops’ on the textbook’s ‘World Energy tour.’ • At 10:00 each group will present the class with information about their ‘stop.’ • This information will act as the note for this lesson and will be posted to the class webpage.

  3. World Energy Tour – Stop 1Overall Production and Consumption • Explain Figure 19-3. Compare energy production of the Old Core and New Core/Near Core/Far Periphery. • How does this compare to what is produced at a world level? Where do our most prevalent resources come from? • Examine figure 19-4. Discuss and compare regional energy uses. What does the western world rely on compared to other regions?

  4. Stop 1 Responses • Comparing current energy production and consumption between globalized countries • How usage of resources has changed • Oil is now the dominant source of energy in the new core • Nuclear energy has been greatly reduced in the new core • Oil is the most internationally used resource • Old core predominantly used coal whereas the New Core/World uses oil • Our most prevalent resource mostly comes from the Middle East • Oil is the most predominant source of energy which is used in every place in the world other than China and Europe/Euraisia • Western world mostly relies on oil due to the modernization of technology

  5. World Energy Tour – Stop 2Crude Oil • Examine Figure 19-6. Discuss and compare world production/export levels and world consumption/import levels.What do you find most interesting? • What is OPEC? Explain and outline members and non-members. • Discuss how/why members and non members impact OPEC’s ability to control oil prices.

  6. Stop 2 Responses • Compare the Middle East to the United States.  The Middle East has a high production rate of oil and has a high level of exportsas well but they also have a wide import rate. •  As to compare to the United States they have a medium level of oil production yet have the same import rates as the Middle East.  China does not have much oil to export in comparison to the other countries because they rely more on their exports of other products • The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) tries to set the price of oil in the world by controlling the level of production and exports. The members of the OPEC are Algeria, Angola, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela.  The non-members of the OPEC are Russia, Norway, Mexico, Kazakhstan, the United Kingdom and Canada. • Members and non-members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries impact the ability to control oil prices because they are limited and together non-OPEC oil exports produce more oil than OPEC.

  7. World Energy Tour – Stop 3Natural Gas • Explain the major differences between oil and natural gas. Make reference to uses, transportation, cost and ease of transportation. • Examine Figure 19-9. Discuss and compare world natural gas production levels and world natural gas consumption levels.What do you find most interesting?

  8. Stop 3 Student Responses • Oil • -commercial use • -easy to identify use • -easy to transport • Natural Gases • -”Behind the scenes” • -more expensive to move • -hard to transport • 2. Countries produce more oil rather than what they consume and vise versa • Potential uses • Sale • Stockpile

  9. World Energy Tour – Stop 4Coal • What is Canada’s involvement in the coal mining industry? Where do we produce it and where do we import it from? • Why is the use of coal predicted to grow in the future? What will the coal be used for and which countries will account for most of the demand? • Examine Figure 19-11. Discuss and compare world coal production/export levels and world coal consumption/import levels.What do you find most interesting?

  10. Stop 4 Student Responses • Mainly found: Alberta and BC • Export -> Japan • Import -> US (only for use in coal-burning electrical generating power plants and steel plants • Why coal? -> Less expensive mining and transportand large reserves around the world • China and India will use the most, and will in the furture • China and Africa: Produce and Export • Europe and china: Consume and Imports

  11. World Energy Tour – Stop 5Nuclear Power • What are the two major issues associated with nuclear power that were unforeseen when this type of energy was introduced to the masses? What did this mean for the cost of the electricity produced? • Discuss the two environmental concerns (threats) about nuclear energy outlined in this section. • Why is there a push for nuclear energy in Old Core countries? What is happening because of this?

  12. Stop 5 Student Responses • The cost of building nuclear plants was higher than predicted. • It was learned that intense level of radio activity affected the structural integrity from the plants plumbing systems. • They needed costly refits • The cost of electricity went up • Large amounts of radiation into the atmosphere • Nuclear energy is not safe • No long term method of disposal of nuclear waste products. • Nuclear waste remains hazardous for thousands of years. • Solutions of disposing nuclear waste are only temporary. • Nuclear energy is now an essential source of power because climate change makes the burning of fossil fuels less attractive. • Price of building, maintaining and repairing nuclear plants has decreased and it more reliable. • Fear that supplies of oil and gas will be unreliable in the future. • 31 reactors are being built around the world in 2007 and many were in the planning stage. • James Lovelock, the developer of Gaia hypothesis announced his support for nuclear energy. He believed that it’s an important alternative to fossil fuels and will help reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

  13. World Energy Tour – Stop 6Hydro Electric Power • Discuss this type of energy’s positive features in comparison to more traditional forms of energy production (oil, natural gas, coal and nuclear power). • Why is this type of energy limited to certain regions of the world? Explain the negatives of this. • Examine Figure 19-13. Discuss and compare world consumption levels of hydro-electric power.What do you find most interesting?

  14. Stop 6 – Student Responses • 1. Energy positive features -It can be developed without causing any social disruptions and environmental damage - produces little pollution and requires little fuel2.In some regions of the world, it is difficult to produce a high percentage of hydro-electricity due to the fact that areas of water may be harder to access. Rivers can be too small or blocked in many regions due to an abundance of land, mountainous regions etc. Also, in more desert type areas water may be scarce. In Canada it is easy access to water so the energy of hydroelectricity is 24.6%, & in more abundance compared to regions such as China where it is less hydroelectricity, 5.5%. However, other energies are in more use depending on the easy access and/or abundance to those resources(Coal, oil etc)3.The areas with the most hydro-electric power consumption are Europe and Eurasia, Latin America ,Caribbean & China. The ones with the least are Middle East & Africa. We find it interesting that Canada doesn’t consume the most b/c of all the water resources that are available to us. Hydro-electricity is a better option for the environment b/c it produces less fuel however Canada still resorts to other forms of energy

  15. World Energy Tour – Stop 7Outlook for Conventional Sources of Energy • What are experts concerned about with reference to renewable and non-renewable energy resources? Explain • Explain what ‘reserves’ means with regards to the quantity of a non-renewable resource. • What is the ‘R/P ratio?’ Explain and describe the factors that can alter the R/P ratio.

  16. Stop 7 – Student Responses • One concern that deals with non-renewable resources is that they will eventually run out. For example, oil, natural gas and coal. A concern that deals with renewable resources is the melting of ice caps/glaciers due to climate change. This will produce less electric power because of the reduced stream flow. (Long Term) (Short term – immediate increase in power) • A reserve is a quantity of non renewable resources, measured in the appropriate unit, that can be extracted using modern technology. • R/P ratio is a formula used for non-renewable resources. This formula is calculated by dividing the size of the recoverable reserves (R) by the amount that is produced and used (P) during the current year. R/P ratio is measured in years. R/P ratio can be altered, when the usage of the resources increase (P) then the R/P rate will be lower.

  17. This Concludes Your Tour!

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