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Politics & Religion

Politics & Religion. Renaissance & Reformation. How was politics affected by religion during the Renaissance & Reformation?. Essential Question. Martin Luther & 95 Theses 1517 – Luther posted 95 Theses on church door Challenged Pope’s right to sell indulgences Excommunicated by Pope

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Politics & Religion

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  1. Politics & Religion Renaissance & Reformation

  2. How was politics affected by religion during the Renaissance & Reformation? Essential Question

  3. Martin Luther & 95 Theses • 1517 – Luther posted 95 Theses on church door • Challenged Pope’s right to sell indulgences • Excommunicated by Pope • Burned Pope’s decrees in defiance • Banned as outlaw by Charles V • Established Lutheran Church • Followers called Protestants, Protestantism born Religion

  4. Reform • Speaks of Europe’s conversion to Protestantism • John Calvin supported Luther’s movement • Effects: • End of Religious Unity • Growth of Royal Power • Persecution Religion

  5. Counter-Reformation • Catholic Church had to change in response to Protestantism • Council of Trent (1545-1563) – Held to redefine Catholic beliefs & stop spread of Protestantism. Ended sale of indulgences. • The Jesuits – Started by Ignatius Loyola in 1534. Dedicated to defending & spreading Catholicism. Religion

  6. Inquisition • Part of Counter-Reformation • Was a court whose purpose was to punish heretics • Used by church officials to end heresy • Trials used to examine, often torture, those who denied or opposed church’s teachings Religion

  7. Sikhism • Founded in northern India in 1469 by Guru Nanak • Guru – Spiritual guide or teacher • Sikhs believed in one God, and that all human beings are equal in God’s eyes • Rejected caste system • Individuals achieve salvation through: • Devotion to God • Truthful Living • Service to Humanity • Standing up for Justice Religion

  8. Niccolo Machiavelli • Politician in Florence • Followed concept of “ends justified the means” • Concept influenced many leaders • Collected taxes, raised armies, exchanged ambassadors Politics

  9. Henry VIII (8th) • King of England • Broke with Catholic Church – Pope wouldn’t grant him divorce • Turned to Protestantism • Closed monasteries & seized church lands • Declared himself Head of the English Church – Act of Supremacy 1534 Politics

  10. Catherine of Aragon • Henry VIII’s 1st wife • Divorced because she didn’t give birth to a son • Had daughter, Mary Politics

  11. Catholic Church • Weakened by growing wealth of Italian city-states • Lost power as secular leaders gained power • Started Counter-Reformation in response to spread of Protestantism Politics

  12. Mary I • Daughter of Henry VIII & Catherine of Aragon • Replaced step-brother (Charles VI) as ruler of England in 1553 • First Queen of England • Devoted Catholic – Wanted England to return to Catholicism • Married Phillip II of Spain • Persecuted protestants in great number – Earned name “Bloody Mary” Politics

  13. Elizabeth I • Queen of England • Secular ruler – Not tied to the Church • Maintained moderate form of Protestantism • Defended England from Spanish attacks Politics

  14. Glorious Revolution (1688-1689) • 2nd Revolution in England • James II converted to Catholicism • Parliament kicked him out & invited daughter & husband to rule • Parliament – Legislative body made up of nobles & elected representatives. Approval was needed to enact new taxes. Politics

  15. English Bill of Rights • Agreed to by William & Mary, rulers that replaced James II • Gave Parliament supremacy over rulers • Had to approve new taxes or raising of army • Never successfully challenged again Politics

  16. How was politics affected by religion during the Renaissance & Reformation? Essential Question

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