STANDARD(S): 11.1 Students analyze the significant events in the founding of the nation.

1. STANDARD(S): 11.1 Students analyze the significant events in the founding of the nation. LEARNING OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT • Describe the political and economic problems faced by the Constitution. • Describe the form of government established by the Constitution. • Explain how and why the Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution. • Recognize that the structure of the Constitution helps to make it a document capable of meeting changing needs.

2. Section 3 Confederation and the Constitution American leaders create the Constitution as a blueprint of government for the United States. NEXT

3. SECTION 3 Confederation and the Constitution Experimenting with Confederation Plans for a New Government • Many people want arepublic—rule through elected representatives • Some fear democracy—government directly by the people Continued . . . NEXT

4.  TREATY OF PARIS • Peace talks began in Paris in 1782 • American negotiating team included John Jay, John Adams, and Ben Franklin • The war ends with the Treaty of Paris signed in September of 1783. • Officially recognized the independence of the United States and set the western boundaries at the Mississippi River.

5. SECTION 3 continuedExperimenting with Confederation The Articles of Confederation • Congress creates laws to unite 13 states—Articles of Confederation • All states ratify (1781); Articles create weak central government • Confederation solves problem of Northwest Territory: - Land Ordinance of 1785—plan for surveying the Northwest Territory -Northwest Ordinance of 1787—plan to divide land into 3–5 new states Continued . . . NEXT

6.  2-3 Confederation And The Constitution • After the Revolution, many favored a Republic • Federalists -supported a strong federal government • Anti-Federalists - favored states rights

7.  2-3 Articles Of Confederation • The Second Continental Congress issued a set of laws called the Articles of Confederation in 1781: • One vote per state in Congress regardless of population of state • Split power between National Government and State

8. 2-3A Ordinances • What was the difference between the Land Ordinance of 1785 and Northwest Ordinance of 1787? • Land Ordinance of 1785 – made land parcels small & affordable • Northwest Ordinance of 1787 – set requirement for states

9. SECTION 3 continuedExperimenting with Confederation Shays’s Rebellion • Shays’s Rebellion—Daniel Shays leads protest of Massachusetts taxes • He and 1,200 farmers attempt to raid arsenal (1787) • State militia kills four; nation calls for a stronger national government • 12 states participate in convention to create stronger government NEXT

10.  2-3B SHAY’S REBELLION • Why do you think the news of shay’s Rebellion made states eager to participate in the Philadelphia Convention? • The rebellion highlighted the weakness of the Central (National) government under the Articles of Confederation • Farmers Massachusetts rose up in protest over increased taxes lack of paper money • Daniel Shay led 1,200 farmers toward the arsenal in Springfield 1787

11.  2-3 WEAKNESSES OF THE ARTICLE OF CONFEDERATION • Congress could not collect taxes • Each state had one vote regardless of population • Ineffective Central Govt. • No executive branch • Nine of thirteen states needed to agree to pass any law • No national court system • Lacked national unity • Only the national govt could declare war.

12. 2-3C • In what ways did the Great Compromise resolve certain problems even as it created new ones? • It resolved the problem of the potentially unequal representation of states in Congress • But it created the problem of how to count slaves as part of a state’s population.

13. 2-3D • Why did the delegates fear that one branch of the govt would gain too much power? • By granting too much power to Congress, the country would return to the problems under Parliament. • Others believed a strong president would turn into a king.

14. 2-3E • Why did the Anti-federalists insist that the constitution must have a bill of rights? • They argued that because the Constitution granted significant powers to the national govt, • There must be specific safeguards to protect the govt from abusing the rights of the people.

15. 2-3F • How did the adoption of the Bill of Rights show the flexibility of the Constitution? • The Constitution could be changed to meet the fundamental rights and protection of the people.

16. SECTION 3 Creating a New Government Conflict and Compromise • JamesMadison proposes Virginia Plan— representation based on population • Small states favor New Jersey Plan—each state has an equal vote • Great Compromise establishes Senate and House of Representatives • Three-Fifths Compromise counts three-fifths of slaves as population Continued . . . NEXT

17. THE U.S. CONSTITUTION

18. constitutional convention • The Call for the Constitutional Convention is made: May – September of 1787.

19.  • After the Revolution, many favored a Republic • Federalists -supported a strong federal government • Anti-Federalists – supported individual states rights

20. The New Jersey Plan • FAVORED SMALL STATES: • having equal representation based for each state.

21. The Virginia Plan • FAVORED LARGE STATES: • having representation based on population.

25. The Great Compromise  • The Great Compromise: • Called for the creation of a bicameral legislature • House of Representatives – having representation based on population. • House of the Senate – having equal representation based for each state.

27. Slavery ?

31. THE U.S. CONSTITUTION  • Ratification • In order for the US CONSTITUTION to be go into effect 9 of the 13 states had to ratify/approve the Constitution.

32. THE U.S. CONSTITUTION  • THE CONSTITUTION BECOMES THE SUPREME LAW OF THE LAND

33.  • The Preamble describes the constitution as an agreement among the people.

34. SECTION 3 Creating a New Government Division of Powers • Delegates create Federalist government with three branches • Federalism—power divided between national and state governments Continued . . . NEXT

35.  • The Constitution establishes the • 3 BRANCHES OF GOVT

37. SECTION 3 continuedCreating a New Government Separation of Powers • Legislative branch makes laws • Executive branch enforces laws • Judicial branch interprets laws • Checks and balances—system preventing any branch from dominating NEXT

38. Checks and Balances

39. Checks and balances  • Each branch of government has some control over the other two branches, so that no single branch of government becomes too powerful • Checks and Balances: Example: • overriding a presidents veto

40. SECTION 3 continuedCreating a New Government Changing the Constitution • Delegates create process to amend, or change, the Constitution NEXT

42. SECTION 3 Ratifying the Constitution Getting the States’ Approval • Ratification—approval of Constitution by states; nine votes needed NEXT

44. SECTION 3 Ratifying the Constitution Federalists and Antifederalists • Federalists—favor the Constitution’s balance of power • Antifederalists—against Constitution, want Bill of Rights • Federalists promise Bill of Rights, Constitution ratified June 1788 NEXT

46. SECTION 3 Ratifying the Constitution Adoption of a Bill of Rights • Bill of Rights—first ten amendments, guarantee citizens’ rights NEXT

48.  • The Elastic Clause: • allows the legislature to expand its powers as needed to execute the powers specifically listed in the constitution.

49. SECTION 3 Continuing Relevance of the Constitution A “Living” Document • Constitution is oldest written national constitution still in use • Constitution’s elastic clause allows expansion of government power • Amendment process is difficult to prevent arbitrary changes • Only 27 amendments passed in the last 200 years NEXT

50.  • The Constitution does provide for rights of citizens. • They just too vague for Anti-Federalists.