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Prokaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic Cells. Prokaryotic Cells. Eukaryotic Cell Structure. Eukaryotic Cells. Cells that have a NUCLEUS Nucleus contains the DNA TYPES : Plants, animals, fungi and protists. Eukaryotic Cells. Prokaryotic Cells. ANIMAL CELL. PLANT CELL. FUNGUS and PROTIST CELL. Eukaryotic Cells.

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Prokaryotic Cells

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  1. Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryotic Cells

  2. Eukaryotic Cell Structure

  3. Eukaryotic Cells • Cells that have a NUCLEUS • Nucleus contains the DNA • TYPES : • Plants, animals, fungi and protists Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryotic Cells

  4. ANIMAL CELL

  5. PLANT CELL

  6. FUNGUS and PROTIST CELL

  7. Eukaryotic Cells

  8. Eukaryotic Cell Structure Plasma Membrane- “Cell Membrane” • Selectively permeable • Allows some things in (or out)….but not others • Keeps outside out… and inside in • Maintains homeostasis

  9. Plasma Membrane

  10. Eukaryotic Cell Structure Cytoplasm • Water and dissolved molecules • Site of many chemical reactions

  11. Plasma Membrane and Cytoplasm

  12. Eukaryotic Cell Structure • CHROMATIN • Found inside the nucleus • DNA wrapped around proteins • Will eventually condense to form Chromosomes

  13. Eukaryotic Cell Structure Organelles- (tiny organs) • Structures within the cell with specific functions

  14. Organelles • Nucleus- the control center of the cell • 3 parts: • Nuclear Membrane- separates nucleus from cytoplasm • DNA- chromosomes,genetic information • Nucleolus- makes ribosomes

  15. Nucleus

  16. Organelles • Endoplasmic Reticulum- “ER” • Provide tunnels for production and transport of molecules • 2 types: • Rough ER- has bumps (ribosomes) makes and transports proteins • Smooth ER- no bumps makes and transports lipids

  17. Endoplasmic Reticulum

  18. Organelles • Ribosomes • Site of protein synthesis- where proteins are made • Can be attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum or • Free floating in the cytoplasm

  19. Ribosomes

  20. Organelles • Golgi Apparatus(aka Golgi body, Golgi complex) • Flattened “pancakes” structure • Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other molecules from the ER for storage or export from the cell • Applies the “finishing touches” • KNOWN AS THE CELL’S U.P.S

  21. Golgi Body

  22. Organelles • Mitochondria • Oval shaped with inner folds-called cristae • THE POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL • Breaks down chemical energy into compounds more easily used in cells-in a process called cellular respiration • Oxygen in • Carbon dioxide out

  23. MitochondriaFOUND IN ALL EUKARYOTIC CELLS

  24. Surface Structures • Flagella • Long • Hairlike appendages for movement • Whiplike motion • Usually few

  25. Flagella

  26. Surface Structures • Cilia • Short • Hairlike appendages for movement • Rhythmic sweeping motion • Usually numerous

  27. Cilia

  28. Organelles • Cytoskeleton/Microtubules • Protein rods • Give cell shape • Allow cell to move • Allow organelles to move

  29. Cytoskeleton

  30. Organelles • Lysosomes –”suicide sacs” • Vesicles filled with digestive enzymes • Break down lipids, carbohydrates, proteins & other molecules • Food sources • Old cell parts

  31. Lysosomes

  32. Organelles • Centrioles • Only in animals • Barrel shaped • Function in the organization of: • spindle fibers during cell division • flagella and cilia

  33. Centrioles

  34. Organelles • Vacuoles • Fluid filled sacs for storage • Smaller in animals- called “vesicles” • Form as substances enter • Larger in plants • Central vacuole • Contractile vacuole in freshwater protists • removes excess water

  35. Animal Vacuoles

  36. Plant: Central Vacuole

  37. Protist: Contractile Vacuole

  38. Organelles • Chloroplast • Found only in PLANT cells and some PROTIST • Green- chlorophyll pigment • Oval shaped with stacks of “pennies” • Converts sunlight energy to glucose-in a process called photosynthesis • Carbon dioxide in • Oxygen out

  39. Chloroplast

  40. Surface Structures • Cell Wall • Found only in PLANT CELLS • Additional layer to the outside of the plasma membrane • Protection and support • Plants- made of Cellulose • Fungi- made of Chitin • Protist- made of Cellulose or inorganic molecules-- silica or calcium carbonate

  41. Plant: Cell Wall

  42. Fungi: Cell Wall

  43. Protist: Cell Wall

  44. What are the names of these organelles? Photosynthesis Cell Respiration: Energy (ATP)

  45. Where are they found? • Plant Cells • Chloroplast & mitochondria • Animal Cells • ONLY mitochondria

  46. Mitochondria and Chloroplast are unique organelles because: • They have their own DNA • They have their own Ribosomes • They have their own organelle membranes

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