Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

1. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

2. All Cells Contain: • Cell membranes • Organelles • Cytoplasm • DNA http://www.nslc.wustl.edu/courses/Bio2960/labs/04Microscopy/allcell.jpg

3. Prokaryotic Cells – No Nucleus http://www.microscopy.fsu.edu/cells/procaryotes/images/procaryote.jpg

4. Two Types of Prokaryotes BACTERIA ARCHAEA http://www.biology-blog.com/images/blogs/5-2008/Archaea-5291.jpg http://www.thebacteriabusters.com/e.coli.jpg http://biology.touchspin.com/images/spirillum.jpg http://bioinfo.bact.wisc.edu/themicrobialworld/streptochains.jpg http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week7/7webimages/84150f.jpg

5. Types of Eukaryotes

6. Cell Wall • Plants, Bacteria and Fungi • Strong, stiff, outer layer • Supports and protects • Plant cell wall made out of cellulose http://www.astrographics.com/GalleryPrints/Display/GP2164.jpg

7. Cell Membrane • Flexible outer-boundary in cells that lack a cell wall • Semi Permeable with pores • Barrier between cell and its environment • Controls movement of materials into and out of the cells

8. Phospholipid bilayer • Cell membrane contains proteins, lipids and phospholipids • Lipids are fat and cholesterol that do not dissolve in water • Phospholipids contains lipids and phosphorous • Cell membrane has two layers of phospholipids • Hydrophophic “water fearing” • Hydrophillic “water loving

9. Cytoplasm • Jelly-like material and contains many organelles • Region between the nucleus and cell membrane • Holds organelles • Many chemical reactions occur within the cytoplasm

10. Cytoskeleton • A web of proteins in the cytoplasm • Keeps the cell’s membrane from collapsing • Helps some cells to move

11. Nucleus • All eukaryotes have a nucleus • Contains the cells DNA or genetic material • “brain” of a cell • Controls cells activities • Covered by two membranes

12. Nuclear Membrane • Skin with pores • Protects the nucleus and allows materials to pass in and out

13. Nucleolus • Dark, round area inside the nucleus • Ribosomes are made in the nucleolus

14. Mitochondria • Rod-shaped with smooth outer membrane and folded inner membrane • Breaks down sugar molecules into energy. • The POWERHOUSE of the cell • Have their own DNA

15. Endoplasmic Reticulum • System of folded membranes in which proteins, lipids and other materials are made • Contains many tubes and passageways • Transports materials such as protein throughout the cell • Smooth ER lacks ribosomes. Function is to make lipids and break down toxic mateirals • Rough ER is covered with ribosomes

16. Ribosomes • Small round bodies that may be attached to ER • Produced in the nucleolus • Site where proteins are made therefore like a “factory” • Not covered by a membrane

17. Golgi Complex • sacs are stacked like “pancakes” • Found near the nucleus • Packages and distributes proteins therefore like a “mailroom”

18. Chloroplast • Disk-shaped • Contains chlorophyll which is a green pigment • Site of photosynthesis • Turns sunlight and water into sugar for energy

19. Vacuoles • Stores food, water and waste therefore like a “storage tank” • Looks like a bubble with fluid inside • In plants, there is large central vacuole • Larger in plants because they need to store a lot of food • Smaller in animals

20. Vesicle • Small sac that surrounds material to be moved into or out of a cell. • Forms from the golgi complex’s membrane • “bubble”

21. Lysosome • “Recycler” • Breaks down old cell parts to be recycled • Breaks down larger food molecules into smaller molecules that can be used by the cell • Protects cell from foreign invaders