Eukaryotic Cells vs. Prokaryotic Cells

1. Eukaryotic Cellsvs.Prokaryotic Cells

2. Cell Theory • Cells are the basic units of living organisms. • The cell theory states that: • All living things are made of one or more cells. • Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. • All cells come from other cells.

3. Two categories: 1. Cell that have membrane-bound organelles Called Eukaryotic Cells 2. Cells that do not have membrane-bound organelles called prokaryotic cells Unicellularorganisms such as bacteria are examples of prokaryotes. Cell Types

4. Cell Types • Eukaryotic cells- • Cells that contain organelles which are held together by membranes • Examples include plant and animal cells.

5. The plasmamembrane/cell membrane the flexible boundary of a cell separates a cell from its surroundings Eukaryotic Cell Structure

6. Plasma Membrane/Cell Membrane continued: • allows nutrients to enter the cell and waste to be removed • This is referred to as selective permeability. *(Selective=Chooses, Permeability=filter through)* • keeping a healthy balance of nutrients and water within the cell is called homeostasis

7. Overview of Organelles • Nucleus- • Largest organelle in the cell and it is the most inner compartment of the cell • contains chromatin (DNA); genetic information on strands called chromosomes • “control center” for cell metabolism and reproduction • Chromatin-Directions on how to make proteins • Nucleolus- Found inside nucleus; ribosomes are made here

8. Overview Cont’d • Ribosomes- make proteins (made up of RNA and protein); thought of as “factories” • Cytoplasm-clear gel like fluid inside the cell, which suspends all organelles • Endoplasmic Reticulum-extensive network of membranes • Rough ER: with ribosomes • Smooth ER: with no visible ribosomes • Golgi Apparatus-sorts proteins made by the ribosomes and sends them to needed places in the cell

9. Lysosomes- organelles that are filled with digestive enzymes to remove waste and invading bacteria • Mitochondria- often referred to as the “powerhouse” of the cell • release energy for the cell • It converts the energy stored in glucose into ATP for the cell • Vacuoles- fluid filled organelles enclosed by a membrane • Store materials such as food, sugar, water, and waste products

10. Eukaryotic plant cell • Plant cells are also Eukaryotic cells, but plant cells contain some organelles that are not found in animal cells.

11. Plant Cell Organelles • Cellwall-rigid wall outside the plasma membrane. It provides the cell with extra support. • Chloroplasts-captures light and energy; and converts it into chemical energy. • Chlorophyll-green pigment found inside the chloroplast. • Plastids- organelles that store things such as food in the plant cell.

12. Poster project • Create a 3 part poster comparing and contrasting the structures/organelles of each cell (prokaryotic, animal and plant) • Identify the shape of each cell • Identify the structure and function of each organelle in the eukaryotic cells • Point out differences between organelles in the plant and animal cell

14. Poster example 1:

15. Poster example 2:

16. Bacterial cell Animal cell Plant cell