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Cellular Structures: Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells Overview

This chapter delves into the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, their organelles, and functions. Understand the roles of cell organelles in maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction, and compare viruses with living organisms. Dive into the origin of prokaryotic cells with "Pro-No" mnemonic for no nucleus, and explore the characteristics of eukaryotic cells with the "Euk-Nuc" mnemonic for a true nucleus. Learn about membrane-bound organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and more. Explore whether viruses are living organisms, their dependence on host cells, and more. Test your knowledge with formative questions on cell structure and functions.

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Cellular Structures: Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells Overview

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  1. 7.1 – Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells State Standard SB1a Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis & cell reproduction. SB3d Compare & contrast viruses with living organisms.

  2. Cellular Structure and Function Chapter 7 7.1 Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryotic Cells • Origin of the name: • pro- = before • Karyon = nucleus • Thought to be the first cells on earth, before any cells with a nucleus. • Prokaryotes lack a nucleus. • Memorization Tip: “Pro-No” because there is no nucleus.

  3. Cellular Structure and Function Chapter 7 7.1 Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryotic Cells Cont’d • Smaller compared to other cells • Simple structure • Contain nomembrane-bound organelles • All types of bacteria are prokaryotic • All are unicellular A Typical Prokaryote

  4. Cellular Structure and Function Chapter 7 7.1 Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells • Origin of the name • eu- = true • karyon = nucleus • Contain a true nucleus • Memorization Tip: • “Euk-Nuc” because nucleus is present.

  5. Cellular Structure and Function Chapter 7 7.1 Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cell • Larger compared to other cells • Complex structure • Contains membrane-bound organelles • Includes all plant, animal, fungus, & protist cells • Unicellular or multicellular

  6. Cellular Structure and Function Chapter 7 7.1 Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells Membrane-Bound Organelles • Surrounded by a single or double barrier • Includes: • Nucleus • Mitochondria • Chloroplasts • Endoplasmic Reticulum • Golgi Apparatus • Lysosomes Example of a Membrane-Bound Organelle

  7. Are Viruses Living?(What do you think?) • Are they cells? • Do they use energy to grow? • Do they use energy to respond to their surroundings? • Do they maintain homeostasis?

  8. Who’s Hosting? • The only way viruses can survive is through a host cell. • Viruses need a host to multiply • Host-an organism that provides energy • Examples: people, birds, raccoon, tomatoes, potatoes

  9. Cellular Structure and Function Chapter 7 7.1 Formative Questions True or False All cells, whether eukaryotic or prokaryotic, have a plasma membrane.

  10. Cellular Structure and Function Chapter 7 7.1 Formative Questions What feature of eukaryotic cells has enabled them to develop more specific functions than prokaryotic cells? nucleus organelles genetic material (DNA) larger cell size

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