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Rhetoric

Rhetoric . any communication used to modify the perspectives of others. Rhetorical Situation. The circumstances in which you communicate. The Rhetorical Triangle. Audience (Pathos ). Rhetorical Context. Speaker/ Writer: Ethos. Message (Logos ). Ethos. Refers to the writer or speaker

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Rhetoric

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  1. Rhetoric any communication used to modify the perspectives of others

  2. Rhetorical Situation The circumstances in which you communicate

  3. The Rhetorical Triangle Audience (Pathos) Rhetorical Context Speaker/ Writer: Ethos Message (Logos)

  4. Ethos • Refers to the writer or speaker • appeal based on the character of the speaker • An ethos-driven document relies on the reputation of the author.

  5. ETHOS Example • Acme Gizmotronics, the company that you've trusted for over 100 years, is on the Internet, where you can purchase our fine products. Our quality gizmos, widgets, and thingamabobs can be shipped to you within minutes. All come with the famous lifetime guarantee that makes Acme the company that the world depends on for it's gizmo needs.

  6. Our spokesperson, Mr. Coyote says, “I've used Acme products for years. Their slingshots, rocket launchers, and pogo sticks, are the best around. And don't forget their high-powered dynamite! I buy everything from Acme. They are the company that I trust the most."

  7. Explain: How is Wiley an example of Ethos? • ACME is not a real company, but the add implies it is • it keeps referring back to the character of ACME • ACME is a company that "you have trusted for over 100 years • They even have a spokesperson vouching for their integrity.

  8. Logos: • Logic (Rational Thought) added to the argument • Refers to human reasoning • Used to “prove” your opinion/message • Example:

  9. Logos Example: ACME's new dihydro-cesium detonation process • By combining cesium and dihydro-oxide in laboratory conditions, and capturing the released energy, ACME has promised to lead the way into the future. Our energy source is clean, safe, and powerful. No pollutants are released into the atmosphere. The world will soon have an excellent source of clean energy.

  10. ACME is currently working towards a patent on our process. Our scientists are exploring ways to use the process in cars, houses, airplanes, and almost anything else that needs power. ACME batteries will be refitted with small dihydro-cesium reactors. Once the entire world is powered by ACME's generators, we can all relax and enjoy a much easier life

  11. Logos elements • Assumption: underlying belief • Counterargument: way to appeal to logos is to anticipate other views • When you CONCEDE the opposing argument MIGHT be true, you have the ability to RUFUTE (deny) their validity. • Lou clip

  12. Pathos • Greek for 'suffering' or 'experience') • appeal based on emotion. • 'appeal to the audience's sympathies and imagination.' • Language choice affects the audience's emotional response • An appeal to pathos causes an audience not just to respond emotionally but to identify with the writer's point of view--to feel what the writer feels • the power with which the writer's message moves the audience to decision or action.

  13. Pathos example: Cesium-Based Reactor Kills! • A baby turtle breaks free from the leathery shell of its egg, catching its first glimpse of its first sunrise. It pauses a moment to rest, unaware of the danger that lies so close to it. As the tide comes in, approaching the nest, it also approaches a small pile of metal - cesium. The water draws closer and closer, the turtle unsuspecting of the danger. Finally, the water touches the cesium. The nest is torn to bits in the resulting explosion, destroying even more of an endangered species. • Why does this happen? One name: Acme.

  14. Acme Gizmotronics is supporting a dihydro-cesium reactor, trying, in their anthrocentrism, to squeeze energy out of such destructive explosions. And, they are dumping waste cesium onto the shores of their island, threatening the environment. Studies have shown that the dihydro-cesium reactor will destroy the island's ecosphere in less than four months! • How can they get away with this? • Costa Rica (where the island is near) has lax environmental laws, allowing Acme to do whatever they want - including destroy endangered species. • What can you do about this? • Don't let them get away with it! Boycott Acme products! And call your representatives, and tell them you support stricter legislation to prevent things like this!

  15. Assignment: Everyday Use • Pg. 4: Do Activity 1 • Read pg 5-8 • Pg. 8: Do Activity 1

  16. Assignment: Everyday Use • Hmwk: Read Sinner’s in the Hands of an Angry God: Jonathan Edwards

  17. References: • Crewell, D. (1999) The Art of Rhetoric. http://www.rpi.edu/dept/llc/webclass/web/project1/group4/ • http://courses.durhamtech.edu/perkins/aris.html • Rozkelly, H. (1998) Everyday use: Rhetoric at work in reading and writing. New Your, NY: Pearson

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