Encoding the Document, Encoding the Process

Encoding the Document,Encoding the Process Elena Pierazzo Centre for Computing in the Humanities, King’s College London elena.pierazzo@kcl.ac.uk

Are Modern Manuscripts the same of Medieval Manuscripts? • They have different functions: private/note taking vs. “publication”, public circulation (most of the time) • They look different: unplanned vs. planned writing • Modern Ms. contain a mixture of text and other stuff which phenomenology is not always easy to re-conduct to medieval manuscripts (or so we thought) • They can be organised in sequences of drafts • Does TEI provide enough support for Modern manuscripts?

The beginning • The idea was firstly raised on the TEI MS SIG first meeting: Nancy 2003 • The issue was arisen again with high priority in the MS SIG Agenda in 2007 P5 official release • Working group within MS SIG in November 2008 (London, TEI MM)

The Working Group • FotisJannidis (chair) • Elena Pierazzo • MalteRehbein • + Lou Burnard • (Paolo D’Iorio) & • GregorMiddell • Moritz Wissenbach

The Workshop • Sponsored by ALLC, ACH, TEI, Moore Institute • Paris, ENS – ITEM, 14-15 May 2009 • Experts on Genetic Editions, not necessarily on Digital Editions • Invited experts: Anne Bohnenkamp, John Bryant, AurèleCrasson, Jean-Daniel Fekete, Daniel Ferrer, Hans Walter Gabler, Axel Gellhaus, AlmuthGrésillon, Claus Huitfeldt, Dirk van Hulle, Jean-Louis Lebrave, Wolfgang Lukas, Kenneth M. Price, Kathryn Sutherland

Road map • Officially presented at the TEI Members’ Meeting in Ann Arbor (Michigan) 2009 • Beta test open, up to end of January 2010 • February/March 2010: revision • April 2010: submission to the TEI council as a formal proposal Accepted in principle • November 2010: Workshop and testing at TEI Members’ Meeting in Zadar

Documents or Texts?

In the editorial process it is impossible not to consider them both… Documents and TextsYing and Yang, Body and Soul

Genesis of what? • Documents? (tears, cuts, patches, stitches…) • Texts? (corrections, revisions, additions, deletions, transpositions?) Both, of course!

Three parts • Documents Encoding • Transcription Enhancement • Genetic encoding

TEI provides a way to encode TEXTS, but sometimes • The process to make the document is at least as important as the text that it contains • The text can be determined by the document • The text is graphically presented • There is no text: non-linear texts are non-texts (Ferrer)

Where is the text?

Are Modern Manuscript the same of Medieval Manuscript? • Not really…

<ge:document> • a sibling of <text> and <facsimile> • represents the physical structure of a document, in terms of written <surface>s, and <zone>s of writing. • a new <ge:line> element is needed to represent topographic lines • a new <ge:patch> element is needed to represent fragmentary surfaces

<ge:document><surfaceulx="0"uly="0"lrx="200"lry="300"><zoneulx="10"uly="43"lrx="185"lry="84" rotate="0"><zone><ge:line rend="right"> 1 April 2009 </ge:line></zone><ge:line>Fed Birds in the park today.</ge:line><ge:line>Might write an article about </ge:line><ge:line>the Thick-billed Warbler. </ge:line></zone><zoneulx="9"uly="20"lrx="70"lry="60" rotate="90"><ge:line>Samaria is a Greek </ge:line><ge:line>brand of water that</ge:line><ge:line>comes from the natural</ge:line><ge:line>springs of Stilos, in </ge:line><ge:line>Crete </ge:line></zone></surface></ge:document> <text><body><div type="diary-entry"><dateline><date value="2009-04-01"> 1 April 2009 </date></dateline><p><lb/>Fed Birds in the park today.<lb/> Might write an article about <lb/> the Thick-billed Warbler. </p></div><div type="note" rend="rotated"><p><lb/>Samaria is a Greek <lb/> brand of water that <lb/> comes from thenatural <lb/> springs of Stilos, in <lb/> Crete</p></div></body></text>

<ge:document><surfaceulx="0"uly="0"lrx="200"lry="300"><zone stage="#stage1"seq="0"ulx="10"uly="43"lrx="185"lry="84"><zone><milestone unit="date"spanTo="#endDate"/>1 April 2009 <anchorxml:id="endDate"/></zone><milestone unit="p"spanTo="#p2"/><ge:line>Fed Birds in the park today.</ge:line><ge:line> Might write an article about </ge:line><ge:line>the Thick-billed Warbler.</ge:line></zone><zone stage="#stage2"ulx="9"uly="20"lrx="70"lry="60" rotate="90"><milestone unit="p"xml:id="p2"spanTo="#end"/><ge:line>Samaria is a Greek</ge:line><ge:line>brand of water that</ge:line><ge:line>comes from the natural</ge:line><ge:line>springs of Stilos, in</ge:line><ge:line>Crete</ge:line><anchorxml:id="end"/></zone></surface></ge:document> Can we combine the two views? • Sort of…

The content of <zone> • <ge:line> • <table> • Text!

Patches <surface><zone><ge:line>Poem</ge:line><ge:line>As in Visions of — at</ge:line><ge:line>night —</ge:line><ge:line>All sorts of fancies running through</ge:line><ge:line>the head</ge:line></zone><ge:patch type="newsprint" binder="glue" height="40" width="90"> Spring has just set in here, and the weather.... a steamer <zone><ge:metaMark function="sequence">2</ge:metaMark></zone></ge:patch><ge:patch type="newsprint" binder="glue" height="35" width="90"> "The shores on either side of the Sound are... The In- <zone><ge:metaMark function="sequence">3</ge:metaMark></zone></ge:patch></surface>

Exercise 1: Jane Austen • Go to www.janeausten.ac.uk • Select Manuscripts • Select Volume the First – Text • From the dropdown menu select page 1

New Transcriptional Features • <ge:metamark> : markup already present in the document • <ge:rewrite> : clarification or fixation • <ge:used>: marked as used elsewhere • <ge:undo>: a cancelled revision • <ge:redo> • <ge:transpose> & <ge:transposeGrp> • <ge:mod>: generic element for modifications

Metamark <del><ge:metaMark function="flag" targets="#s1">lege</ge:metaMark><sxml:id="s1">Ock en schullen de bruwere des hilgendagesnichtover <lb/>settennochuppe den stillenfridachbruwen.</s><add><s>Nochnymande<lb/>over setten, se en sehindenneerst, datuppe den bonen<lb/>neynstronoch, huwnochflaßligghe, by pine eynerhalven<lb/>roden, demebruwere so wolalsedembruwheren to murende.</s></add></del>

Clarification <ge:line>...Sku<ge:rewrite cause="unclear">l<ge:rewrite>dren</ge:line>

Fixation <ge:rewrite cause="fix" hand=”#ja2" stage="#s1">Now, if we could get <del stage=“1">but</del> a young Heiress</ge:rewrite>

Used <surface><ge:used rend="cross"spanTo="#X2"/><zone><ge:line rend="underline">The Poet</ge:line><ge:line><del rend="strikethrough">I think</del> His sight is the</ge:line><ge:line> sight of the ? and</ge:line><ge:line>has sent the instinct of the</ge:line><ge:line>? dog</ge:line></zone> <zone><ge:line>I think <ge:rewrite>ten</ge:rewrite> million</ge:line><ge:line>well; those <subst><del rend="strikethrough">supple-fingered gods</del><add>journeymen divine.</add></subst></ge:line><anchorxml:id="X2"/></zone></surface>

Undo (and instant correction) <ge:line>chee’ <hi rend="underline"><ge:undospanTo="#x2"/>si<anchorxml:id="x2"/>rechi a’</hi><del rend="overstrike” instant="true">dotti</del><hi rend="underline">denti</hi>l’und’essicibi</ge:line>

Transposition <ge:line><segxml:id="ib01">bör</seg><ge:metaMark rend="underline" function="transposition” targets="#ib1" place="above">2.</ge:metaMark>og<segxml:id="ib02">hör</seg><ge:metaMark rend="underline" function="transposition" targets="#ib02" place="above">1.</ge:metaMark></ge:line><ge:transposeGrp><ge:transpose><ptr target="#ib02"/><ptr target="#ib01"/></ge:transpose></ge:transposeGrp>

A generic modification Semantic Documentary <ge:line>I should <ge:mod rend="strikethrough">do</ge:mod> <ge:mod rend="interlinear”>soon</ge:mod> shortly do </ge:line> <ge:line>I should <subst> <del>soon</del> <add>shortly</add> </subst>do </ge:line>

Support on existing markup Alternative readings <zone><ge:line>Alone <seg type="alternative"xml:id="alt1">before</seg><add place="above" type="alternative"xml:id="alt2">beside</add> his native river —</ge:line><alt targets="#alt1 #alt2" mode="excl" weights="0 1"/></zone>

Exercise 2: The Blake Archive • Go to www.blakearchive.org • Enter the archive • Go to Text Search and search for Devil • Choose first item Songs of Innocence and of Experience • Then first item again • Then object 39 • Open the image as well

Genesis • Genesis within the same document • Genesis across documents • The passage from correction within a document to another document can happen at anytime and it is not a one way process

Within the same Doc: Stages and Revision Campaigns <profileDesc><creation><ge:stageNotes ordered="true"><ge:stageNotexml:id="ST-1">First stage, written in ink by a scribe</ge:stageNote><ge:stageNotexml:id="ST-2">Second stage, written in Goethe's hand using pencil</ge:stageNote><ge:stageNotexml:id="ST-3">Fixation of the revised passages and further revisions by Goethe using ink</ge:stageNote><ge:stageNotexml:id="ST-4">Addition of another stanza in a different hand, probably at a later stage</ge:stageNote></ge:stageNotes></creation></profileDesc>

Transposition (with stages) <ge:line><segxml:id="ib01">bör</seg><ge:metaMark rend="underline" function="transposition” targets="#ib1" place="above” stage=“#ST2”>2.</ge:metaMark>og<segxml:id="ib02">hör</seg><ge:metaMark rend="underline" function="transposition" targets="#ib02" place="above” stage=“#ST2”>1.</ge:metaMark></ge:line><ge:transposeGrp><ge:transpose><ptr target="#ib02"/><ptr target="#ib01"/></ge:transpose></ge:transposeGrp>

Genesis across docs <profileDesc><creation><datenotAfter="1816-07-18"/><ge:stageNotes ordered="true"><ge:stageNotexml:id="mod1" when="1816-07-16">The first draft of<title>Persuasion</title> is completed by the <date>July 16 1816</date> written after the word <q>Finis</q> at <ref target="#pers-30">page 30</ref>.</ge:stageNote><ge:stageNotexml:id="mod2"notBefore="1816-07-16">After the <date>16th of July</date> Austen starts revision of the two final chapters, by rewriting the end and adding a new block (<ref target="#transp-1">pages 32-35</ref>) to be inserted at <ref target="#insertion-p1">page 19</ref>. This stage is documented by the deletion of the date (<date>July 16 1816</date>) at <ref target="#pers-30">page 30</ref>, and the addition of more text and of a new date (<date>July 18. 1816</date>) at <ref target="#pers-31">page 31</ref></ge:stageNote><ge:stageNotenotBefore="1816-07-18”xml:id=“mod3”>Before publication, after <date>July 18th, 1816</date> chapters 10-11 were broken into three chapters, 10, 11, 12, as witnessed by the print.</ge:stageNote></ge:stageNotes></creation></profileDesc>

Let’s start by grouping! <teiCorpus><teiHeader></teiHeader><xi:includehref="document1.xml"/><xi:includehref="document2.xml"/><xi:includehref="document3.xml"/></teiCorpus>

Then let’s organise our group <graph type="directed"><nodexml:id="A" value="http://edition.net/witness/A"><label>A</label></node><nodexml:id="B" value="http://edition.net/witness/B"><label>B</label></node><arcxml:id="AC" from="#A" to="#C" value="http://edition.net/genetic/analysis#ac"/><arcxml:id="BC" from="#B" to="#C" value="http://edition.net/genetic/analysis#bc"/></graph>

Genesis of documents http://www.janeausten.ac.uk/facsimile/blvolsecond/65-66.html <ge:document><surfaceulx="0"uly="0"lrx="200"lry="300"><zone>...</zone></surface><damageSpanspanTo="#P3" stage="#stage2"/><gap extent="1" unit="folio" stage="#stage2"><desc>Stub of a missing folio</desc></gap><surfacecorresp="folio.xml#p1"stage="#stage1"/><surfacecorresp="folio.xml#p2" stage="#stage1"/><surfaceulx="0"uly="0"lrx="200"lry="300"xml:id="P3"><zone>...</zone></surface></ge:document> <ge:document><surfaceulx="0"uly="0"lrx="200"lry="300"><zone>...</zone></surface><damageSpanspanTo="#p3"/><gap extent="1" unit="folio"><desc>Stub of a missing folio</desc></gap><surfaceulx="0"uly="0"lrx="200"lry="300"xml:id="p3"><zone>...</zone></surface></ge:document>

Exercise 3: Whitman archive • Go to www.whitmanarchive.org • Select Manuscripts > Poetry Manuscripts • Select ninth item: America Old-World Bards

For more Info http://www.tei-c.org/SIG/Manuscripts/genetic.html

Encoding the Document, Encoding the Process