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DISORDERS OF MOTOR PLANNING AND RESPONDING. APPRAXIA/DYSPRAXIA DYSGRAPHIA. Developmental Coordination Disorder. Dyspraxia. Communication. Specific characteristics of Apraxic speech include un-sequenced sounds or syllables inconsistent speech
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DISORDERS OF MOTOR PLANNING AND RESPONDING • APPRAXIA/DYSPRAXIA • DYSGRAPHIA
Dyspraxia zentall
Communication Specific characteristics of Apraxic speech include • un-sequenced sounds or syllables • inconsistent speech • the loss of sounds or words during articulation Zentall
Look at this link Apraxia Video: listen to Brandon as an example of dyspraxia http://www.debtsmart.net/talk/inside_edition.html Zentall
Communication cont. • Examples include • "shif" instead of "fish" or • "miskate" instead of "mistake" • pronouncing "gate" as it should be one day, but replacing the "g" sound the next day with "k" or "d" and saying "kate" or "date" (Hall, Part I, 2000). Zentall
Dyspraxia and Mislabeling • 2 girls with Apraxia, a motor disorder, mistakenly labeled: • hearing impaired • behavior disordered • Another woman (undergrad in this course) was referred for testing at the age of 2 for not speaking—now also w/ bad handwriting and poor gross motor control, could run, however, because less motor skill involved. zentall
Assesss theseSpecific Handwriting Errors • Bad or illegible handwriting (24% failure to close the letters in this ‘word’ kityfogpads) • Top loop closed (l/t, e/I) • Using straight up strokes rather than rounded (n like u, c like I) • End strokes • Crossings • Top loop short (b,d,h, k) • Too small • Closing c, h,u,w • Part of letter omitted
Dysgraphia. • History and handedness zentall
Perceptual or Motor zentall
Perceptual or Motor zentall
ADHD and Dysgraphic zentall
Emotional Characteristics Students with dysgraphia are punished by… 1. staying in for recess to complete assignments 2. taking home excessive amounts of homework People may assume that they are… 1. Lazy 2. Careless 3. Not intelligent = Low self-efficacy & Low self-esteem
In contrast, writing forwards, backwards, upsidedown, upsidedown & backwards with either hand may look like giftedness:
memory dysgraphia motor dysgraphia perceptual-spatial dysgraphia cannot recall the written form of letters but can copy cannot form letters but know that their writing is poor cannot form their letters and do not know that their writing or drawing is poor Vocabulary: 3 types of dysgraphia
Learning Characteristics 1. Perception 2. Memory RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS 1. Fine motor
Interventions Zentall
Read this link • http://www.ldonline.org/article/6202