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ENG 312: Midsemester Exam Language Awareness by Eschholz, Rosa and Clark 9 th Edition (2005), pages 1-420

ENG 312: Midsemester Exam Language Awareness by Eschholz, Rosa and Clark 9 th Edition (2005), pages 1-420. by Don L. F. Nilsen And Stella Hadjistassou. CONTRAST THE FOLLOWING. Helen Keller’s epiphany vs. Malcolm X’s epiphany vs. David Raymond’s epiphany Denotation vs. Connotation

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ENG 312: Midsemester Exam Language Awareness by Eschholz, Rosa and Clark 9 th Edition (2005), pages 1-420

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  1. ENG 312: Midsemester ExamLanguage Awarenessby Eschholz, Rosa and Clark9th Edition (2005), pages 1-420 by Don L. F. Nilsen And Stella Hadjistassou 18

  2. CONTRAST THE FOLLOWING • Helen Keller’s epiphany vs. Malcolm X’s epiphany vs. David Raymond’s epiphany • Denotation vs. Connotation • Sign vs. Symbol • Strong vs. Weak form of the Whorf Hypothesis • Cognates vs. False Cognates 18

  3. CONTRAST: MALE VS. FEMALE CONVERSATIONS • Status vs. Support • Independence vs. Intimacy • Advice vs. Understanding • Information vs. Feelings • Orders vs. Proposals • Conflict vs. Compromise 18

  4. CONTRAST MALE VS. FEMALE LANGUAGE STRATEGIES • Tag Questions • Rising Intonations • Hedges • Indirect Language • Diminutives • Euphemism • Politeness Phenomena 18

  5. DEFINITIONS • classical definition • dead metaphor • Ebonics • epiphany • euphemism • grammatical gender • morphophonemic spelling system • semantic inversion 18

  6. EXAMPLES 1 • Doublespeak • Euphemism • Gobbledygook • Inflated Language • Jargon • Weasel Words 18

  7. EXAMPLES 2 • Name Calling • Glittering Generality • Plain-Folks Appeal • Stroking (Argument ad Populum) • Argument ad Hominem • Guilt or Glory by Association • Bandwagon • Faulty Cause and Effect • False Analogy • Begging the Question • The two-Extremes Fallacy (False Dilemma) • Card Stacking (Cherry Picking) • Testimonial 18

  8. EXPLANATIONS • Audience, Knowledge, Attitude, Needs • “Traduttore, traditore!” (The translator is a traitor) • Explain the Great English Vowel Shift 18

  9. HISTORY OF ENGLISH • Contrast Old English and Modern English in terms of the following: • Phonology • Orthography • Morphology • Syntax • Semantics 18

  10. IDENTIFICATIONS • S. I. Hayakawa • William Labov • William Lutz • Robert MacNeil • George Orwell 18

  11. LISTINGS (5-POINTS EACH) • 5 differences between Spanish and English • 5 features of Nonstandard Black English • 5 eponyms • 5 Romance languages • 5 Germanic languages • 5 Slavic languages 18

  12. NAMES • Tell what names each of the following people had after they changed their names: Frederic Austerlitz, Benjamin Kubelsky, Bernard Schwartz, Doris Von Keppelhoff, Robert Zimmerman, James Bumgardner, and Marian Michael Morrison. • ANSWERS: Fred Astaire, Jack Benny, Tony Curtis, Doris Day, Bob Dylan, James Garner, and John Wayne 18

  13. SHORT-ANSWER ESSAY (5 POINTS) • Explain the nature of slanting. • Contrast levels of adequacy (prescriptive, descriptive, explanatory, evaluative) • Contrast power and solidarity • Contrast lecturing and listening • Discuss the notion that “English is a superior language” 18

  14. LONG-ANSWER ESSAY (10 PTS) • Explain the differences between male and female language. • Explain in detail how non-standard dialects tend to be more logical than standard dialects. • In detail, compare and contrast human language with the communication systems of other animals. 18

  15. Contrast the following kinds of truth: • Empirical truth (true vs. false) • Linguistic truth (tautology vs. contradiction) • Metaphorical truth (apt vs. inept) 18

  16. !PowerPoints: • HISTORY OF ENGLISH: One feature each to Contrast Old English and Modern English Phonology, Morphology, Graphology, Syntax, and Semantics • HUMOR: Give 3 Features, 3 Functions, and 3 Subjects of Humor • LITERARY GENRES: Give four literary genres and an example of each: • PROSE STYLES--LISTING: List ten qualities of Tough, Sweet, or Stuffy Language (I choose the prose style) 18

  17. !!PowerPoints Continued: • REGIONAL AND SOCIAL DIALECTS: Give five phonological tests that will help to determine where a person spent the first six or so years of his or her life. • SEMANTIC GAPS: Be able to give an example of each of the following: Acronym, Blend, Borrowing, Clipping, Coinage, Compound, Meaning Shift, Metathesis, Part-of-Speech Change Prefixation, and Suffixation 18

  18. !!!PowerPoints (Continued) • URBAN LEGENDS (10 PTS): Tell an urban legend (5pts), and explain the dramatic devices used (5 pts) • USAGE: Given sentences from the Usage handout, be able to correct those sentences. • VARIES: Give an example of word marked for each of the following: V-Vocation (Jargon), A-Age, R-Region, I-Informality, E-Ethnicity, S-Sex 18

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