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Installer Training

Installer Training. Presented by Platco in Partnership with SES. Platco Digital (PTY) Ltd Wedgewood Office Park, Block D, No 3 Muswell Road South Bryanston , Johannesburg 2191. Web: www.openviewhd.co.za SES Web: www.africa.ses.com Installers Web: www.ovhdinstallers.co.za. Agenda.

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Installer Training

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  1. Installer Training Presented by Platco in Partnership with SES Platco Digital (PTY) Ltd Wedgewood Office Park, Block D, No 3 Muswell Road South Bryanston, Johannesburg 2191 Web: www.openviewhd.co.za SES Web: www.africa.ses.com Installers Web: www.ovhdinstallers.co.za

  2. Agenda • Welcome 5 Minutes • Introduction/Overview 5 Minutes • Theory 90 Minutes • Test 10 Minutes • STB demos/discussion: • Ellies 20 Minutes • Switch 10 Minutes • Space TV 10 Minutes • Activation process 5 Minutes • Incentive program 10 Minutes • Practical 15 Minutes

  3. OpenView HD Overview Platco Digital – Brings you Openview HD South African consumers will soon have more to choose from when it comes to digital television. Platco Digital (Platco) will be launching OpenView HD, a free-to-view direct to home (DTH) satellite offering on 15th October 2013. OpenView HD will carry licensed free TV channels locally. In any territory where it operates, Platco Digital will work with licensed broadcasters to provide viewers access to channels licensed to operate in those territories. Platco Digital will therefore always be in compliance with national broadcasting laws and regulations. Platco’s South African DTH platform, Openview HD, will not be engaging in any licensable activities on its own behalf as it merely provides technical platform services to licensed free-to-air broadcasters on the basis of their existing licences.

  4. OpenView HD Overview Viewers wishing to access the OpenView HD offering will need to purchase and install a satellite dish and set top box from retail outlets as well as installers. Other than these initial set-up costs, the offering of 16 channels at launch will be free – making OpenView HD the first of its kind in South Africa.    Platco Digital is owned by Sabido Investments (Pty) Limited, the holding company of free-to-air broadcaster e.tv. It has been established to provide solutions for multi-channel carriage and distribution on DTH, digital terrestrial television (DTT) and mobile TV in South Africa and in the rest of Africa.  Platco Digital has its offices in Bryanston, Johannesburg and uplink facilities in Cape Town.

  5. OpenView HD Overview Platco Digital has entered into partnerships with a range of companies including satellite provider SES, leading conditional access vendor NDS as well as  set top box (STB) distributors, ABT, Ellies, Space, Switch, and Telergy. “One of our key brand values is partnerships, we believe in building and maintaining strong and sustainable relationships with all our business partners and consumers, based on honesty, integrity and trust,”

  6. AuthorisedInstaller Number Once you - the installer, has passed the test and practical, you will be issued a unique “Authorised Installer Number #” This number will be issued today

  7. AuthorisedInstaller Number • This unique number will entitle the installer to the following which will in turn be sent to you. • OVHD Identification Card & Lanyard • (1 per person) • Authorised OVHD installer set of Car magnet • (max 1 set per company ) • OVHD dust coats • ( max 2 per company ) • OVHD T-Shirts • ( 1 per person ) • OVHD certificate • ( 1 per person )

  8. Theory Presented by Platco in Partnership with SES Platco Digital (PTY) Ltd Wedgewood Office Park, Block D, No 3 Muswell Road South Bryanston, Johannesburg 2191 Web: www.openviewhd.co.za SES Web: www.africa.ses.com Installers Web: www.ovhdinstallers.co.za

  9. The early days of satellite • In 1945 Arthur. C. Clarke, proposed a satellite communication system • ± 36,000 Km above earth appear to be standing still • Only in the early 1960’s rockets were powerful enough to launch satellites to this orbit

  10. Different types of orbit Three main types of orbit for satellite communications: 1. Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) 90% of the time, Geostationary Earth Orbit satellites will be the object of your attention: They are a long way from earth (22,237 miles) but they appear stationary when seen from the earth’s surface. A signal takes about a quarter of a second to do a round trip from the earth to the satellite and then back to earth, so there is a noticeable voice delay 2. Non-Geostationary (NGEO) 3. Polar GEO: Orbital slots: The location of a satellite is called an orbital slot The orbital slot is measured in degrees of longitude from the Greenwich Meridian SES-5 is based at 5 degrees east

  11. Types of satellite orbit Geo-stationary orbit • 36,000 Km from the earth • Above equator • Appears stationary • Orbits around earth at 15° per hour at the same speed as the earth • Does not require tracking • Used mostly for DTH and VSAT Orbital location 5°E Total transponders C-Band: 28 (36 MHz equivalent) Ku-band: Africa: up to 24 out of 6 FSS (36 MHz) 24 BSS (33MHz) Nordic: up to 12 out of 12 FSS (36 MHz), 7 BSS (33MHz) Coverage area Sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East and North Africa, Europe, Atlantic Ocean Region SES-5 Key data Launch date – 10 July 2012 Lifespan – 15 years

  12. The Satellite transmission chain • Uplink • Transmits the programmes to the satellite • Satellite • Converts the uplink frequencies to lower frequencies and amplifies them before transmitting back to earth • TVRO • Receives the signals converts to a lower frequency • Receiver • De-modulates signal and decrypts for viewing on TV set

  13. The domestic receive only television site • Refletor • Concentrates Ku-band Signals • LNB • Amplifies and down converts signals • Satellite Receiver • De-Modulates and decrypts signals • TV/Monitor • Displays the programs

  14. Theoretical fundamentals 1. The volt (V) • Electrical force or pressure • Received satellite signals are small • Use the millivolt(One thousandth of a volt) • Use the microvolt (One millionth of a volt) 2. The Amp (I) & the Watt (W) The amp can be regarded as the “volume” of electricity in a wire or circuit The watt is the amount of power generated when the volts and amps are multiplied together. P=IV Watts is used for the power transmitted by the satellite, but not for the signals received as these are too small. The footprint is rated in watts, but this relates to the power transmitted from the satellite Figure 10a. Volt vs millivolt Figure 10b. Millivolt vs microvolt Figure 12. The DC Waveform

  15. Theoretical fundamentals • 3. Alternating current – the sine wave • The value varies between a positive and equal negative value over time • This is the type of waveform transmitted to and from the satellite • 4. Direct current • The one port of the supply always stays positive and the other always stays negative • Used for power and switching to the LNB • Think of D.C. as the way a car battery works • 5. Frequency • Number of cycles per second is known as the frequency Figure 11. The AC Waveform Figure 12. The DC Waveform Figure 13a. Frequency of 1HZ (one cycle per second)

  16. Theoretical fundamentals • Frequency terminology • 1 Hertz = 1 cycle per second • 1,000 Hertz = 1 kilohertz = • 1,000 cycles per second • 1,000,000 Hertz = 1 • megahertz = 1,000,000 • cycles per second • 1,000,000,000 Hertz = 1 • gigahertz = 1,000,000,000 • cycles per second Figure 14. Frequency Spectrum • The frequency spectrum • All these frequencies are sine waves • It is only the number of oscillations per second that are different

  17. Theoretical fundamentals • The electromagnetic spectrum

  18. Theoretical fundamentals • Satellite bands • L-band: exclusively reserved for mobile satellite services (MSS). Currently InmarsatandGlobalstar, ICO and others to follow. • C-band: fixed satellite services (FSS) and television broadcast (BSS). Mainly used in areas of high rainfall, Asia, Africa and Latin America, due to its tolerance to “rain fade”. Often used in beams with widely dispersed power, e.g. Global beams • Ku-band: FSS and BSS primarily used in North America and Europe, not least because it avoids terrestrial C-band interference. Often configured as high powered spot beams • Ka-band: The path for broadband services via satellite. Very susceptible to atmospheric attenuation. Commercial use is small today, but many future projects plan Ka-band systems

  19. Theoretical fundamentals • Satellite band usage 8. The decibel (dB) • 54 dBµV= 0.5 mV • 57 dBµV= 0.7 mV • 60 dBµV= 1 mV • 63 dBµV= 1.4 mV • 66 dBµV= 2 mV • 72 dBµV= 4 mV Remember this is how it reads on your field strength meter! • Voltagesdoubleswithevery 6 dB increase in signal

  20. Theoretical fundamentals Figure 15. Latitude and longitude Figure 15. Electro magnetic wave • 9. Lines of latitude & Longitude • The lines of latitude run parallel to the equator • The lines of longitude run from the North to the South poles and converge at the poles • These lines decide the elevation, azimuth and skew of every satellite installation • 10. The electromagnetic wave • All sine waves have a magnetic and electric part at right angles to each other • The electrical part determines the polarization

  21. Theoretical fundamentals Figure 16. Analogue signal • 11. The analogue waveform • The voltage level of this wave form varies with time • This is the type wave form that is transmitted to and from the satellite Figure 17. Digital signal • 12. The digital signal • Only has two values “1” or “0” • “1” can be any value • This is the form used for the television signal that is modulated onto the satellite frequency Figure 22. Noise and signal

  22. Theoretical fundamentals • 13. Bandwidth • The carrier without modulation is only a sharp spike • When modulation is added, the signal spreads on either side of the centre frequency • The more information required, the wider the bandwidth gets • Bandwidth is the limiting technical and financial restraints in satellite transmission • 14. Atmospheric noise • This noise is created by small molecules rubbing together in the atmosphere • Cannot be seen or heard • Ground noise comes from the ground • The hotter and drier it is, the more ground noise is available • NB! The satellite signal has to • travel through this noise! • 15. Electronic noise • Every electronic circuit generates noise • The higher the gain, the more noise is generated • This noise is also caused by molecular movement • The noise figure (N.F.) on the side of the LNB shows the amount of noise the LNB generates • The lower this figure the better it is

  23. Theoretical fundamentals • 16. Rain fade • The rain drops are much larger than the wave length of the Ku-band signals • Some of the signal is absorbed in the rain drops and the energy is lost in heat as it warms the rain drops • Some of the signal is reflected • 17. Sun outages • The sun is the biggest generator of noise • In March and September the sun is directly behind the satellite • The noise level is much higher than the signal level Figure 23. Sun outage

  24. Theoretical fundamentals 18. The satellite frequency groups • L-band • C-band down link • C-band up link • Ku-band down link • Ku-band up link The L-band frequency is a much lower frequency so that the signal can be transmitted down the coax cable If the signals at C-band and Ku-band were transmitted down the coax cable the signal losses would be too high

  25. Theoretical fundamentals 19. C-band & Ku-band comparison C-Band • Minimal rain fade • Reflectors are much larger • Prone to terrestrial interference • Lower frequency Ku-band • Suffers from rain fade • Smaller reflectors required • No terrestrial interference • High frequency

  26. Theoretical fundamentals • 20. Satellite transmission power • Low power transponders • 2,5 Watts per channel • Medium power transponders • 55 Watts per channel • High power transponders • >110 Watts per channel • This power is not enough and is increased by the antenna gain (Effective isotropic radiated power) • Typical E.I.R.P used across Africa can be 44 dBW(25120 watts) Polarization – H & V

  27. Theoretical fundamentals Figure 25. Vertical and horizontal signals Figure 26. The difference between off-set and prime focus • 21. Polarization • Satellite transmission can re-use the same frequencies but on two different polarities • The polarity refers to the electrical part of the signal • Polarity can be vertical, horizontal, right hand circular or left hand circular • 22. What is a reflector? • Prime focus • Usually used for C-band • Signal blockage not that important due to reflector size • Off-set • Usually used on Ku-band • No signal blockage

  28. Theoretical fundamentals • 23. Reflector size • The larger the reflector, the more of the wave front can be intercepted • This means more gain focuses all the signal onto the LNB • 24. Factors affecting gain • The higher the frequency, the higher the gain (A 2m reflector will have a gain of 36 dB at C-band and 45 dB at Ku-band) • The accuracy of the reflector surface • Over-illumination • Under-illumination

  29. Theoretical fundamentals Figure 28. Beam width • 25. Beam width • This is defined as the angle between the half power points • The larger the reflector, the smaller the beam width • The smaller the beam width, the harder to find the signal but the higher the signal level Figure 29. Carrier to noise • 26. Carrier to noise ratio • This is the ratio used to express the level of the signal to the level of the noise • The better this level, the better the reception • When the ratio is low the receiver cannot discriminate between the signal and the noise

  30. Theoretical fundamentals • 27. Symbol rate • The symbol rate can be defined as the number of digital “symbols” modulated onto a carrier in one second • With qpsk there are two digital “bits ” per symbol • With 8psk there are three digital “bits ” per symbol • Dvb -s2 allows qpsk as well as higher order modulation schemes including 8psk ; 16-apsk ; 32-apsk • In a 36 MHZ transponder the rate is usually 27,5 million to 30 million symbols per second • When the ratio is low, the receiver cannot discriminate between the signal and the noise • 28. Forward Error Correction – “FEC” • These refer to the extra bits transmitted for correcting errors in the signal received • There is a standard set of values expressed as a fraction • 1/2 = One of every two bits used for error correction • 2/3 = One of every three bits used for error correction • 3/4 = One of every four bits used for error correction • 5/6 = One of every six bits is used for error correction • 7/8 = One of every eight bits is used for error correction • The higher the carrier-to-noise ratio, the less error correction bits are needed

  31. Theoretical fundamentals • 29. Bit error rate – “BER” • This read out shows the proportional rate of incorrect bits that are received in the bit-stream • Bit-error rates (“ber ”) can be measured before error correction (pre-corrected) or after (post-corrected). Obviously the “ber ” post correction will be better Examples: 3 X 10-2 = 3 incorrect bits per 100 bits 3 X 10-3 = 3 incorrect bits per 1,000 bits 3 X 10-4 = 3 incorrect bits per 10,000 bits 3 X 10-5 = 3 incorrect bits per 100,000 bits 3 X 10-6 = 3 incorrect bits per 1,000,000 bits 3 X 10-7 = 3 incorrect bits per 10,000,000 bits • 31. The LNB • Acronym for “Low Noise Block Down Convertor” • Situated in front of the reflector at the focal point • Does not tune to single frequency but receives a group of frequencies • Amplifies this group of frequencies to a high level without introducing excessive noise • Converts this group of frequencies to a lower frequency called L-band • 30. Compression • This is the term used in digital transmission to reduce the bandwidth requirements • This is achieved by only transmitting the required information as per scene changes or the movement within a scene

  32. Theoretical fundamentals Figure 30. Front of LNB Feed Horn Figure 31. LNB block diagram • 32. The feed horn • It is the tube in front of the LNB also known as a “waveguide” • Contains the two probes (Antennas) for the vertical and horizontal polarization • This is the only part of the installation that can discriminate between horizontal and vertical polarization • 33. LNB– principles of Operation • The switch selects between Vertical (13v) and horizontal (18v) polarity • The LNA “low noise amplifier” amplifies the low Ku-band signal • The down convertor converts the Ku-band to L-band

  33. Theoretical fundamentals 34. Workings of the down convertor When the 22KHz tone is selected, the higher oscillator (10600 MHz) is selected. When there is no 22KHz tone, the lower oscillator (9750 MHz) is selected The oscillator frequency is subtracted from the incoming Ku-band frequency to provide an L-band frequency. i.e. 11130 - 9750 = 1380 MHz 12562 - 10600 = 1962 MHz The result falls within the L-band (950–2150 MHz) If the wrong oscillator is selected, the resultant frequency falls outside the L-band 35. Types of LNB’s Single universal This LNB has a single output that switches between high band and low band, vertical and horizontal Twin universal This LNB has two outputs and each port switches independently between horizontal, vertical, high band and low band Quad This LNB has four ports that all switch independently Quattro This LNB has four dedicated ports – high vert – high hor – low vert – low hor SAT-CR This LNB has a SATCR output and 1 or 2 single output/s

  34. Theoretical fundamentals • 36. Elevation and azimuth • The azimuth is the angle clockwise to the right of north • The elevation is the angle above the horizon • 37. The skew • The skew aligns the two probes with the electrical part of the received satellite signal • This gives maximum discrimination between horizontal and vertical signals • Has to be done to provide the best BER and C/N Figure 32. The Skew

  35. Theoretical fundamentals 38. Decryption Figure 33.

  36. Theoretical fundamentals • 39. The coaxial cable • Centre conductor can be solid Copper or copper clad steel – ”skin effect” • Dielectric is usually air blown P.E. foam • Shield is usually a combination of aluminium foil and braid for cost saving • Outer sheath is usually PVC, but has to be P.E. for underground use • 40. Coaxial cable impedance • TV cable has an impedance of 75 ohm • This is written on the side of the cable • “D” and “d” play a big part in the calculation • Sharp bends and too small cable clips compress the outer sheath and changes the impedance • Has to be done to provide the best ber and C/N NB. Impedance changes causes mismatches and mismatches cause signal losses, reflections and all sorts of signal problems!

  37. Theoretical fundamentals • 41. Coaxial cable D.C. resistance • This is measured with a multimeter • A good cable should have a reading between 15 and 20 ohm per 100m • Solid copper core has a lower D.C. resistance than copper clad steel • When voltage is supplied to the LNB a high D.C. Resistance causes a volt drop • If the 18V (horizontal) is supplied to the LNB the voltage at the LNB might be too low and the LNB will stay in vertical mode. Result = no reception on “h” • 42. Coaxial cable signal loss • All coaxial cables have a signal loss • The higher the frequency, the higher the signal loss • Use a cable with a loss of ± 30 dB per 100m at 2150 MHz • Avoid 75 ohm video cable (stranded inner core) as this does not work at all • 43. Underground coaxial installation • Direct burial has armoured sheath • Other underground coax always in conduit • PVC absorbs moisture – causes signal loss

  38. Practical Installation Dealing with the client You are not only representing yourself • Pleasant telephone manners • Always return calls A.S.A.P. • Don’t argue with the subscriber • Arrive on time • Dress neatly • Speak to the subscriber courteously • Don’t lie • 2. Basic test equipment • Field strength meter • (Minimum requirements signal level indication, carrier to noise, pre and post bit error correction and spectrum analyser) • Multimeter (for voltage and continuity checks) • Compass (to indicate azimuth) • Inclinometer (to indicate elevation) Remember 1st impressions count!

  39. Practical Installation • 3. Basic tool set • Hammer / electric drill with masonry and steel bits • Side cutter • Glue gun • Amalgamating tape • Fish tape • Set of ring and flat spanners • Knife • Spirit level • Short and long ladder • Adjustable spanner • Set of star and flat screw drivers • Long nose pliers • Plumb line • Hammer • Extension lead • 4. Reception equipment • Use the correct size reflector for your country as specified • A smaller reflector will provide a useable signal but will not be reliable and cause premature loss of signal • 5. Selecting the installation position • Find the azimuth, elevation and skew from the city tables • Try and find a place at the back or side of the building to install the dish • Do not install the dish at the front close to front door • Avoid a line of sight to the satellite that has a tree or other obstacle in the way • If there is no other installation area, first discuss this with the client

  40. Practical Installation • 6. Setting polarisation offset (“LNB skew”) • Check the city tables for the polarization offset (“LNB skew”) • Don’t forget to do final skew adjustment for best “BER” when antenna has been aligned! • 7. Selecting the installation Position • Ensure that there are no obstructions in the signal path • Remember that the received signals are weak, and will not provide good results when there are obstructions!

  41. Practical Installation Figure 36. Bracket with spirit level Figure 35b. Right! Clear signal • 8. Selecting the installation position • Clear path with no obstruction • 10. Installing the mounting bracket • Drill one hole and fit the bracket to the wall • Place the spirit level on the side of the bracket, move until vertical and mark the other three holes • Drill the three remaining holes and fit the bolts • Tighten the bracket securely • The bracket must be tight as any movement will cause signal loss especially in windy conditions! • 9. Installing the mounting bracket • Spirit level • 4 X wall plugs and bolts • Hammer • Correct size masonry drill bit • Hammer drill • It is important that this bracket be installed vertically as it looks neat and allows for correct antenna alignment!

  42. Practical Installation • 11. Aligning the satellite antenna • Step one • Assemble the antenna according to the manufacturer’s instructions • Step two • Refer to attached elevation appendix and set the elevation marked on the side of the antenna to the approximate elevation setting • Do not over tighten the bolts, but allow for some movement! • Step three • Set the skew on the LNB to the value for your city per the city tables • Step four • Mount the antenna on the mounting bracket and tighten the mounting bolts, but not too tight as the antenna still needs to be moved on the pole • Step five • Connect your field strength meter and cable to the LNB • Step six • Set your field strength meter to the parameters found in the installation spec • Step seven • Select the spectrum facility or signal level reading on the field strength meter • Ensure that the elevation adjustment is set on the side of the antenna • Use a compass to obtain the approximate azimuth • Move antenna slowly left and right until a peak signal is found • If not, adjust elevation up or down and repeat the process

  43. Practical Installation • 11. Aligning the satellite antenna • Step eight • When a peak is found, move the antenna slowly up and down and left and right until you are satisfied that the antenna is peaked • Tighten all the bolts on the antenna • Step nine • Now use the field strength meter to read the C/N the pre- and post BER and the signal level. Write this down for future reference • Step ten • In areas of high elevation, pour a cup of water into the reflector • If some of the water remains, then drill a 5mm hole in the antenna • Paint this hole with rust proofing afterwards • 12. Setting the skew • This is the only way of choosing between vertical and horizontal! • Use the spectrum facility on the field strength meter, choose 13V for vertical and rotate lnb until spectrum is at its lowest or use the ber reading on the meter and rotate lnb until the pre-ber is at its best or look at the signal quality reading on the decoder • Rotate the LNB for the best reading • This is very important!

  44. Practical Installation Satellite parameters: Satellite SES-5 Orbital location 5°E Satellite manufacturer Space Systems Loral Uplink frequency Ku-band: Africa: 14.5 – 14.8 GHz Uplink frequency Ku-band: Africa: 17.3 – 18.1 GHz Downlink frequency Ku-band: Africa: 11.7 – 12.5 GHz

  45. Practical Installation • 13. The cable installation • Use a long masonry drill that can go straight through the wall • Use a vacuum cleaner or tape a bag under the hole that is being drilled • Make sure there are no water pipes or electrical conduits in the wall • Do not press too hard on the drill • Fill the hole around the cable with filler once the cable is installed • Only use a good quality 75 ohm 7mm cable. A good cable has a signal loss of ±30dB per 100m at 2 GHz • 14. Cable installation • Placing bag or vacuum cleaner under the hole Figure 37. Vacuum or bag placement for drilling

  46. Practical Installation • 15. Cable installation – outside wall • Use a plumb bob for installing the cable vertically on a wall • Use a spirit level to draw horizontal lines to install cable horizontally Figure 38b. Using a spirit level for horizontal cable Figure 38a. The plumb line • 16. Cable installation – inside wall • Do not install the cable in the middle of the wall • Install the cable on the skirting board or in the corners of the room • Use a hot glue gun or Sestic Glue instead of cable clips wherever possible • Do not bend the cable sharply as this causes mismatches! • Only use the correctly sized cable clips as small cable clips compress the cable and cause mismatches!

  47. Practical Installation Figure 39a. Coax cutting measurements Figure 39b. Coax cutting measurements • 17. The F connectors • These are the approximate cutting dimensions • Twist the braid to one side as modern cables have a small amount of braid and this provides some strength • Cut the cable with a knife or a special cutting tool

  48. Practical Installation Figure 39c. F connector centre core Figure 40. Earthing • 18. The F connector • Fit only the right size connector • Compression or crimp type connectors may be used but require the correct tools • The centre core only needs to protrude by 1 mm • 19. Earthing • Must be done in accordance with the local laws and regulations • Diagram shows a simple method • Earthing must always be done • 20. Installing the decoder • Connect satellite cable to LNB in on the back of decoder • Connect the AV leads and RF cable from decoder to TV set • Insert batteries into remote control • Ensure that the smartcard is in the slot • Switch on decoder and TV set • Select the installation “menu” on the decoder remote and configure the necessary parameters for signal reception

  49. Practical Installation • 21. Signal scan • Perform signal scan via the menu • When completed, note the signal strength and signal quality values and note them on the installation form • Make sure that these values are higher than the minimum “pass / fail” specification. If not, you need to re-optimise the antenna adjustments (“azimuth”, “elevation” and “skew”), until the decoder passes the required signal quality level • Before doing anything else, perform a “forced download” to ensure that the decoder • has the latest software parameters for signal reception • Finishing off • Activate the set top box. • Dial *120*OVHD# • *120*6843# • Follow the on-screen prompts. • Make sure the set top box is activated before leaving. • Clean up your mess!

  50. Programming They are as follows: • SABC 1 • SABC 2 • SABC 3 • E-tv (HD) • eKasi+ • eAfrika+ • eMovies+ • Zest TV • ASTV • Deen TV • eToons+ • MindsetLearning • DavinciLearning • Englishclub (education) • Spirit Word • Inspiration TV

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