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COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN URBAN COMMUNITY

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN URBAN COMMUNITY. James Wong kamin Pengarah Jabatan Perpaduan Negara Wilayah Persekutuan Sept 2003. WORKING IN THE URBAN COMMUNITY. Community development work Starting work in the community STEP ONE: BUILD RAPPORT STEP TWO: ASSESS COMMUNITY NEEDS

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COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN URBAN COMMUNITY

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  1. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENTIN URBAN COMMUNITY James Wong kamin Pengarah Jabatan Perpaduan Negara Wilayah Persekutuan Sept 2003

  2. WORKING IN THE URBAN COMMUNITY Community development work Starting work in the community STEP ONE: BUILD RAPPORT STEP TWO: ASSESS COMMUNITY NEEDS STEP THREE: DECIDE ON PRIORITIES STEP FOUR: ORGANISE THE COMMUNITY STEP FIVE: IDENTIFY RESOURCES Planning and implementing the project Training Monthly plans and yearly plans Team work and coordination with other agencies

  3. PART A WHAT IS COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT WORK

  4. Some objectives • …to bring changes in the social and economic conditions of the area, so that the residents can have better living conditions/ environment. • …to make the resident work together, instill confident, democracy and self reliant. • …empower communities to bring changes to their own location. • …to build capacity and add value to community projects.

  5. PART B WHAT TO EXPECT IN THE COMMUNITY

  6. who are they – race, religion, culture, background, age, male/ female ration; what are they – occupation, education, income, skills, place of work; where are they – place of resident; URBAN COMMUNITIES ARE NOT HOMOGENEOUS 1.Nature of urban community

  7. - outsider, suspicion, threat, ulterior motives; - treat your ideas with little enthusiasm; - people are hesitant to change/ comfort zone; - don’t take risk; - mistrust BUILDING A TRUSTING RELATIONSHIP TAKES TIME AND PATIENCE 2.Reluctance of residents to work with community development worker

  8. - community expects changes, benefits, programs and facilities. DO NOT MAKE PROMISES YOU CANNOT DELIVER (remember angle of frustration) 3.Your presence in the community raises expectation

  9. - because of differences between people; - because of varied interests; - because of political beliefs; - because of leadership positions. MUST BE AWARE AND SENSITIVE TO CONFLICTS 4.Conflicts and problems in the community (within the community and between the community and outside agencies)

  10. - your place of stay; - your life style; - your health; 5.Physical conditions

  11. - working with people; - improving social conditions; - changing and motivating people people; - sincere; CHANGE COMES SLOWLY. EXPECT PROBLEMS AND OBSTACLES. 6.Personal satisfaction as a community development worker

  12. PART C WHAT DOES COMMUNITY WORK REQUIRE

  13. ABILITIES ATTITUDES

  14. 1.Abilities necessary….. • Abilities to relate and work with the community ………..interact and build rapport …………establish good relationship ……………understand the felt needs ………………motivate and organise people …………………..promote participation

  15. abilities necessary (cont) • Abilities to share skills to gain credibility …..specific skills …….professional skills

  16. Abilities necessary (cont) • Abilities to coordinate resources and agencies ……locate resources ………link resources ………….network resources …………….synergise resources

  17. 2.Attitudes – a key factor • Commitment to work …….real interest in helping people • Sensitivity to traditions/ cultural practices ……..social practices, traditions, cultures, languages of the community

  18. Attitudes – a key factor (cont) • Respect for people …….their ideas, abilities, opinions • Friendly attitude …….warmth, friendly, patience, approachable, caring, interested

  19. Attitudes – a key factor (cont) • Willingness to learn …….listen …….understand what people say and learn from them • Adjustment to local customs ……..local customs, manners, dress requirement, food etc

  20. COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION PART D

  21. ‘a process to encourage and awaken community to realise they themselves have the abilities, capacities, energies and some resources to take initiatives to better the community’ or simply- ‘sections of the community to become active and responsible in deciding what their problems are and their solutions’ 1.What is community participation:

  22. Community participation is the CENTRAL POINT of community development work.Getting involve from beginning to end (CONT)

  23. 2.What is NOT Community participation: • Getting community to go along and agree with programs already decided and designed for them. • Just contribution of labour. • Support of a few community leaders. • Improvement of government services.

  24. 3.How to encourage community participation • Community identify their own problems and needs. • Communty assist in collecting local information. • Community to suggest solutions to their problems. • Community to set priorities.

  25. How to encourage community participation (cont) • Community to make joint decisions and plans. • Community to find resources locally and outside. • Communty to take responsibility for specific project and outcome. • Community to assist in supervision and evaluation.

  26. Example of a community participation project – a cleaner water project Exercise 1 LIST OUT WAYS IN WHICH COMMUNITY CAN PARTICIPATE IN THHIS PROJECT 15 MINUTES

  27. PART E WORKING IN THE COMMUNITY -STEP ONE TO STEP FIVE

  28. STEP ONE BUILD RAPPORT

  29. 1: building rapport • Building rapport is a continuous process and takes time and effort. Purpose • To establish good relationship. • To facilitate communication continuously. • To gain confidence and acceptance.

  30. BUILD RAPPORT – HOW (CONT) • Contact and talk with community leaders. • Introduce yourself. • Get the community leaders to take you around the community. • Make informal contacts and visits. • Interact with many people. • Have informal meetings and discussion. • Familiar with names and titles of local leaders. • Ability to speak local language/ dialects helps.

  31. 2: become familiar with the community • Purpose • Community profile – no. of people, where they work, live, type of profession, resources, services, social and economic activities. • Gives you a clearer pic of the community. • Useful tool to plan projects.

  32. STEP TWO ASSESS COMMUNITY NEEDS

  33. 1: PURPOSE AND IMPORTANCE OF ASSESSING NEEDS • Identify problems / needs. • Suggest solutions to problems. • Define relevant projects in the community and encourage participation. • Assess changes and improvements at a later stage.

  34. 2. TOOLS AND SKILLS to assess needs • Observation. • Survey. • Informal discussion.

  35. A.Observation of the community • Some hints how to observe …..train your eyes to see. …..write/ jot down ( don’t rely on memory). …..visit the place at different times. …..check observations with oral questions. …..check observations with other people.

  36. B.Survey with the community • Get information that is most useful only. • Do not ask for the sake of asking. • Don’t waste time. • Sometimes, update info. • Keep focus.

  37. B.1. How to conduct survey and whom • Select area • Select household/ community • Whom to talk to

  38. B.2. Tips on interview • Do not imply, suggest. • Let the people talk. • Probe only the reply. • Go over the questions if unclear. • Ask people to prioritize the problems. • Be thankful. • Request permission to come back for more info.

  39. B.3. Tips in recording information • Ask permission to record. • Record after establishing rapport. • Carry notebook (not pieces of paper). • Give attention.

  40. C. INFORMAL DISCUSSION • Meeting informally for in depth info. • Verification. • Insights. • Different views.

  41. D. PROBLEMS TO BE AWARE OF IN ASSESSING NEEDS • Assessing needs is not a one time activity. • Cannot be done by just survey or discussion. • Requires repeated visits.

  42. E. SUMMARIZE FINDINGS • From observations, survey and informal discussions prepare a summary of the major needs/ problems of the community.

  43. STEP THREE • DECIDE ON PRIORITIES

  44. 1. Deciding priorities for action • Listing of priority needs must come from the community. CD WORKER ACTS AS A GUIDE AND CATALYST

  45. 2. Some criteria for deciding priority needs • Guidelines on the basis of which priorities can be set. • Study info and analyse info. • Carefully thought out. • Consensus.

  46. 3. Reaching consensus Men, women, youths Unofficial leaders Reaching consensus on priority needs Community leaders Religious people Govt workers Ngo workers

  47. 4. Deciding priorities Look over list of needs Meet with coomunity leaders in small groups. Discuss list of needs. Organise general and formal meeting of the community. Discuss and consensus. Form small groups/ committees to deal with priority needs.

  48. 5. Deciding priorities: 2 very important things happen - • The community is CLEARLY defining FOR ITSELF the most SUITABLE and RELEVENT program/ activities for the area. Therefore, the community will be MORE COMMITTED to see the success of the program. • LOCAL PARTICIPATION and INVOLVEMENT

  49. STEP FOUR • ORGANIZING THE COMMUNITY

  50. Organizing the community • Organize groups – formal and informal • Sensitize them on WHY the need to organize • Assistance them Community need the assistance and guidance of CD worker

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