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Sea Ice

Sea Ice. Big Questions:. What are the quantitative contributions of various processes to ice mass balance over the annual cycle. What positive and negative feedbacks may change significantly in a future A rctic.

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Sea Ice

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  1. Sea Ice

  2. Big Questions: • What are the quantitative contributions of various processes to ice mass balance over the annual cycle. • What positive and negative feedbacks may change significantly in a future Arctic. • What are the linkages of sea ice changes with other systems, including ecosystems, mid latitudes, carbon cycling…

  3. Big Questions: • What are the quantitative contributions of various processes to ice mass balance over the annual cycle. • What positive and negative feedbacks may change significantly in a future Arctic. • What are the linkages of sea ice changes with other systems, including ecosystems, mid latitudes, carbon cycling… Similarity to SHEBA objectives noted

  4. What was missing at SHEBA? What do modelers need? • Measurements of Heterogeneity • Snow/Ice thickness distribution • Ice surface and bottom roughness • Snow redistribution • Internal melt • Under ice radiation field • Observations of the “New Arctic” (open ocean – ice transition states) • Thin ice, upper ocean cooling. • Logistics challenges… must be met. SHEBA

  5. What was missing at SHEBA? What do modelers need? • Measurements of Heterogeneity • Snow/Ice thickness distribution • Ice surface and bottom roughness • Snow redistribution • Internal melt • Under ice radiation field • Observations of the “New Arctic” (open ocean – ice transition states) • Thin ice, upper ocean cooling. • Logistics challenges… must be met. Airborne Radar and EM, RS assets, UAV’s LiDAR, Multibeam on ROV LiDAR Micro CT Logging Spectroradiometers SHEBA

  6. What was missing at SHEBA? What do modelers need? • Biological impacts • EPS – ice structure/strength interactions • Light Transmission (time series) • Porosity/permeability - nutrient cycling relations • DMS production/release • Bacterial/algae linkages • Biogeochemical cycling • DIC pump to deep ocean • Brine movement • Spatial/Temporal extensions • Cal/Val of Remote sensing • Autonomous platforms SHEBA

  7. What was missing at SHEBA? What do modelers need? • Biological impacts • EPS – ice structure/strength interactions • Light Transmission (time series) • Porosity/permeability - nutrient cycling relations • DMS production/release • Bacterial/algae linkages • Biogeochemical cycling • DIC pump to deep ocean • Brine movement • Spatial/Temporal extensions • Cal/Val of Remote sensing • Autonomous platforms Molecular Techniques Logging Spectroradiometers, ROV’s Micro CT, Analytical techniques Molecular Techniques SHEBA

  8. Lots of cool stuff… Linkages – A way to prioritize

  9. Linkages – A way to prioritize Ocean • Summer heating/fall freezing • Freshwater exchange • Deepwater formation • Sediment entrainment • Coupling, both momentum transfer and mixing

  10. Linkages – A way to prioritize Atmosphere • Long/Shortwave • Snow • Surface Roughness/Turbulent Flux Biological Processes • EPS – ice structure/strength interactions • Light Transmission (time series) • Porosity/permeability - nutrient cycling relations • DMS production/release

  11. Other Thoughts • Observation vs. Experimentation • Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle • Dance Card: Temporal Spatial

  12. Big Questions: • What are the quantitative contributions of various processes to ice mass balance over the annual cycle. • What positive and negative feedbacks may change significantly in a future Arctic. • What are the linkages of sea ice changes with other systems, including ecosystems, mid latitudes, carbon cycling…

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