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This exploration delves into the philosophical conversation surrounding the intrinsic value of humans and animals, challenging the notion that humans possess special value simply by being Homo sapiens. It argues that persons, defined as self-conscious and rational beings, may hold unique significance. Emphasizing a need for a radical shift in our perspectives, it aligns with utilitarian principles, asserting that pleasure and desire-satisfaction are central to moral judgments and ethical decisions regarding how we treat both certain humans and animals.
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animals singer’s conclusions
Something is a humaniff it is a homo sapien. • Something is a personiff it is a self-conscious, rational being (or has the potential to be one). definitions
Argue against the view that humans have special value. • Argue for the view that persons have special value. • Argue that we must radically change the way we think about and act toward certain humans and certain animals. goals
(Classical) Utilitariansim: The only thing of intrinsic value is pleasure (happiness) and the only thing of intrinsic disvalue is pain (unhappiness). An act is right iff it maximizes the overall ratio of pleasure to pain. • Preference Utilitarianism: The only thing of intrinsic value is desire-satisfaction and the only thing of intrinsic disvalue is desire-frustration. An act is right iff it maximizes the overall ratio of satisfaction to frustration. utilitarianism
