Day 1

1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H15Po5vHiDsMr Parr fungi Day 1 I can identify the characteristics of organisms in the kingdom Fungi.

2. The Kingdoms of Living Things (Multi-Cellular Organisms)

3. Fungi Insert Q/A 1Vocabulary:1. What does symbiotic mean? Two organisms living closely together with one or both having an effect on the other.2. What does mutualistic mean? Both species in the relationship benefit (bee and a flower.)3. What does commensalistic mean? One species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped (Remora cling to sharks and feed off scraps that come from the sharks mouth, but the shark doesn’t really benefit.)4. What does parasiticmean? One species benefits while the other is harmed (tick on a dog).

4. Before heading out on their delivery duties, Santa’s reindeer all have to have their yearly rabies shot in case they get bitten by an animal infected with rabies. Because a rabies shot is required every year, what must be true about the rabies virus? a. Rabies is most likely a virus that mutates easily b. Rabies is most likely a virus that does not mutate easily Continued exposure to the cold weather of the North Pole destroys the rabies vaccine d. Rabies have become resilient to the antibiotics used to treat them The Great Horned Owl’s scientific name is Bubo virginianus. What species of animal is it? a. Owl b. Buboc. virginianusd. bird 3. For what purpose might a person use a dichotomous key? a. To identify the locations on a map where certain types of organisms live. b. To open the lock to the science storage closet. c . To identify and classify a particular organism. d. To find out information about a particular organism. Science Starter

5. ___________________________ organisms are unable to make their own food so they must obtain food from their environment. a. autotrophic b. heterotrophic c. hypertonic d. monolithic 5.

6. Before heading out on their delivery duties, Santa’s reindeer all have to have their yearly rabies shot in case they get bitten by an animal infected with rabies. Because a rabies shot is required every year, what must be true about the rabies virus? a. Rabies is most likely a virus that mutates easily b. Rabies is most likely a virus that does not mutate easily Continued exposure to the cold weather of the North Pole destroys the rabies vaccine d. Rabies have become resilient to the antibiotics used to treat them The Great Horned Owl’s scientific name is Bubo virginianus. What species of animal is it? a. Owl b. Buboc. virginianusd. bird 3. For what purpose might a person use a dichotomous key? a. To identify the locations on a map where certain types of organisms live. b. To open the lock to the science storage closet. c . To identify and classify a particular organism. d. To find out information about a particular organism.

7. ___________________________ organisms are unable to make their own food so they must obtain food from their environment. a. autotrophic b. heterotrophic c. hypertonic d. monolithic 5.

8. KINGDOM FUNGIconsists mainly of mushrooms, molds, & mildews, and yeasts. Fungi are eukaryotic (they have a nucleus), heterotrophic (they must find food in their environment). Most fungi are multicellular, but some are simple unicellular organisms. Fungi can live in mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic relationships with other organisms. Fungi are present all over the world, in marine as well as terrestrial environments. http://www.brainpop.com/science/diversityoflife/fungi/

9. Characteristics of Fungi • Fungi are non-vascular. Plants are mostly vascular (except mosses and a couple others.) Vascular organisms have tiny tube or pipe-like structures that bring water from the ground to the rest of the plant. Fungi have no such “plumbing.”

10. The Main Structures of Fungal Cells Are: • Cell walls made of chitin • Hyphae: thread-like tubes that make up multicellular fungi • A group of hyphae make up the mycelium, an underground “root-like system of a fungi.”

11. Molds and mildews are types of fungi. There are many types: powdery mildews, the black and blue-green molds, and species that cause such diseases of plants as Dutch elm disease, chestnut blight, apple scab, and ergot.

12. Dutch Elm Disease Apple Scab Chestnut Blight

13. Rust Corn Smut

14. Some fungi are helpful and even edible. (Most mushrooms are poisonous to humans.) Yeast is a unicellular fungi that is used to make bread. Yeast breaks down sugar and “burps” carbon dioxide which causes the dough to rise. In liquids, yeast breaks down sugar and releases carbon dioxide and alcohol. This process is known as fermentation. Yeast

15. Other fungi include mushrooms. Some species of mushrooms are edible, but most are harmful to humans. Only an expert in mushroom identification should attempt to collect mushrooms from the wild.

16. Morel mushrooms are rare and very delicious. The False Morel, on the other hand, is deadly.

17. This mushroom is edible. This mushroom will cause kidney failure in minutes. Can you tell the difference?

18. The real money winner of the fungi world, though, is the truffle. Used a great deal in French cooking, truffles are rare and very hard to find. The French traditionally use pigs to sniff out mushrooms, although some dogs can also be trained to locate truffles. Truffles can sell for $1,000 per pound.

19. Gilled Mushrooms

20. Death Cap Mushroom Jack ‘O Lantern Destroying Angel

21. MEXICAN MUSHROOM

22. Shelf or Bracket Mushrooms

24. A final division of fungi comprises a miscellaneous assortment of fungi that do not fit neatly in other divisions. Called Fungi Imperfecti, the group includes species that help create Roquefort and Camembert cheeses, that cause diseases of plants and of animals (e.g., athlete's foot, jock itch, and ringworm), and that produce penicillin.

25. INSERT for FUNGI POCKET (orange card)Draw and label the mushroom:

26. Day 2 I can identify the characteristics of organisms in the kingdom Fungi.

27. Science Starter 1

28. 2

29. 3 3 4

30. Science Starter 1

31. 2

32. 3 3 4

33. Some fungi are parasitic, meaning they feed off a living host. Diseases like ring worm and athlete’s foot are caused by parasitic fungi.

34. Baby Thrush

36. “Jock” itch affects more than just jocks, and isn’t just found around the…well you know.

37. Ringworm

38. RINGWORM of the scalp

39. Lichens: The “bodies” of lichens are made of a mixture of a fungus and either a green algae or a blue-green bacteria (cyanobacteria). The fungus and algae have a mutualisitic relationship because both benefit from the relationship. The fungus holds water to keep the algae moist, breaks down organic material and makes the minerals available for both to use, and generally serves as protection for the alga. The algae produces organic “food” for both by the process of photosynthesis.

41. Functions of Fungi: Food & Fungi: Yeast make bread rise, mold makes cheeses, mushrooms are used many different ways Environmental recycling: Decomposers that break down dead or decaying material Disease-fighting fungi: The antibiotic, Penicillium, is used to treat bacterial infections Disease-causing fungi: Can infect plants & humans (Athlete’s foot) Mutualistic relationship with plants- Hyphae are often intertwined under the surface with the roots of plants. The hyphae provide the plants with dissolved (decomposed) nutrients. The plants provide protection for fragile hyphae. Both the plant and the fungi benefit. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iXJhu1T3XQkpenicillin

42. How Do Fungi Reproduce? Fungi do not reproduce from seeds like plants. Fungi produce microscopic reproductive cells called spores.

43. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WLk-9ib0OVA Mr. Parr decomposers The part of the mushroom we see above ground is the part responsible for producing and releasing spores. Below the surface, the fungi consists of long, thread or root like structures known as hyphae. The bundled mass of hyphae (known as the mycelium) releases digestive enzymes that decompose organic matter. How do Fungi Obtain Energy?

44. 5. Fungi don’t require sunlight because they do not conduct ______________________, a process that uses sunlight to produce food. a. binary fission b. predation c. photosynthesis d. mitosis 6. The part of a mushroom that we see is basically the fruiting body, the part of the mushroom that produces ____________________. a. hyphae b. roots c. flowers d. spores 7. Most fungi obtain food by: a. breaking down organic material b. photosynthesis c. hunting/scavenging d. ordering take-out from Domino’s 8. The roots of plants (provides protection) and the underground ____________________ of mushrooms (provides decomposed nutrients) form a mutualistic relationship. 9. Fungi cell walls are made of _________________________. • Fungi Q/A Insert 2

45. 10. The “bodies” of lichens are made of a mixture of a fungus and either a green algae or a blue-green bacteria (cyanobacteria). The fungus and algae have a ___________________________ relationship because both benefit from the relationship. The fungus holds water to keep the algae moist, breaks down organic material and makes the minerals available for both to use, and generally serves as protection for the alga. The algae produces organic “food” for both by the process of photosynthesis. a. Commensalism b. Mutualism c. Parasitism

46. 5. Fungi don’t require sunlight because they do not conduct ______________________, a process that uses sunlight to produce food. c. photosynthesis 6. The part of a mushroom that we see is basically the fruiting body, the part of the mushroom that produces ____________________. d. spores 7. Most fungi obtain food by: a. breaking down organic material 8. The roots of trees and the underground ___hyphae_________________ of mushrooms form a mutualistic relationship. 9. Fungi cell walls are made of ____chitin___.

47. 10. The “bodies” of lichens are made of a mixture of a fungus and either a green algae or a blue-green bacteria (cyanobacteria). The fungus and algae have a ___________________________ relationship because both benefit from the relationship. The fungus holds water to keep the algae moist, breaks down organic material and makes the minerals available for both to use, and generally serves as protection for the alga. The algae produces organic “food” for both by the process of photosynthesis. a. Commensalism b. Mutualism c. Parasitism

48. Day 3 I can identify the characteristics of organisms in the kingdom Plant.

49. 1. A small plant from the Amazon was discovered to • have a gene that made it resistant to a type of • fungus that causes root rot. Apple growers in • Washington often lose apple trees from their • orchards to root rot. Agricultural scientists were • able to insert the rot resistance gene into an apple • embryo. This is an example of the genetic process • known as: • selective breeding • meiosis • c. genetic modification • d. endocytosis Science Starter

50. 2. A particular species of bird in Indonesia is born with either blue feathers, yellow feathers, or blue feathers with yellow tips. What can we infer about the genes that control feather color in this species of bird? a. yellow and blue have incomplete dominance b. yellow and blue are co-dominant c. blue is dominant d. yellow is dominant