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Effective System Development Guidelines and Practices

This text outlines essential guidelines and practices for system development, including project management, feasibility assessment, documentation, and implementation strategies. Discover key principles for system design, hardware/software acquisition, testing, training, and ongoing support to ensure successful project completion and user satisfaction. Dive into various phases such as planning, analysis, design, and implementation, with detailed insights on project tasks and responsibilities. Explore popular tools like Gantt and PERT charts, as well as effective conversion strategies for transitioning to new systems. Learn about programming languages and tools essential for application development.

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Effective System Development Guidelines and Practices

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  1. Objectives Overview Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 See Page 510 for Detailed Objectives

  2. Objectives Overview Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 See Page 510 for Detailed Objectives

  3. System Development Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 510

  4. System Development Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 511 Figure 12-1

  5. System Development • System development should follow three general guidelines: Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Pages 510 - 512

  6. System Development • System development should involve representatives from each department in which the proposed system will be used Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Pages 511 - 513 Figure 12-2

  7. System Development • Project managementis the process of planning, scheduling, and then controlling the activities during system development • To plan and schedule a project efficiently, the project leader identifies the following elements: Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Pages 513 - 514

  8. System Development Popular tools used to plan and schedule the time relationships among project activities are Gantt and PERT charts Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 514 Figure 12-3

  9. System Development • Feasibility is a measure of how suitable the development of a system will be to the organization Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 515

  10. System Development • Documentationis the collection and summarization of data, information, and deliverables. • Maintaining up-to-date documentation should be an ongoing part of system development. Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 515

  11. System Development • During system development, members of the project team gather data and information using several techniques Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 516 Figure 12-4

  12. System Development • The planning phasefor a project begins when the steering committee receives a project request • Four major activities are performed: Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 520

  13. System Development • The analysis phaseconsists of two major activities: Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Pages 520 - 522

  14. System Development Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 521 Figure 12-6

  15. System Development • The system proposal assesses the feasibility of each alternative solution • The steering committee discusses the system proposal and decides which alternative to pursue Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Pages 522 - 523

  16. System Development • The design phase consists of two major activities Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 523

  17. System Development • To acquire the necessary hardware and software: Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 524

  18. System Development • The next step is to develop detailed design specifications Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Pages 525 - 526

  19. System Development • Systems analysts typically develop two types of designs for each input and output Mock-up Layout chart Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Pages 525 - 526 Figures 12-8 – 12-9

  20. System Development • A prototype (proof of concept) is a working model of the proposed system’s essential functionality • Prototypes have inadequate or missing documentation • Users tend to embrace the prototype as a final system • Should not eliminate or replace activities Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 526

  21. System Development • A prototype(proof of concept) is a working model of the proposed system’s essential functionality • Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools are designed to support one or more activities of system development Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Pages 526 – 527 Figure 12-10

  22. System Development • The purpose of the implementation phaseis to construct the new or modified system and then deliver it to users Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Pages 528 - 529

  23. System Development • Various tests should be performed on the new system Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 528

  24. System Development • Traininginvolves showing users exactly how they will use the new hardware and software in the system • One-on-one sessions • Classroom-style lectures • Web-based training Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Pages 528 - 529 Figure 12-11

  25. System Development • One or more of four conversion strategies can be used to change from the old system to the new system • Direct conversion • Parallel conversion • Phased conversion • Pilot conversion Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 529

  26. System Development • The purpose of the support and security phaseis to provide ongoing assistance for an information system and its users after the system is implemented Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 530

  27. Application Development Languages and Tools • A programming languageis a set of words, abbreviations, and symbols that enable a software developer to communicate instructions to a computer or mobile device • Low-level language • High-level language Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Pages 531 - 532

  28. Application Development Languages and Tools • Machine language is the first generation of programming languages • Only language the computer directly recognizes Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 532 Figure 12-12

  29. Application Development Languages and Tools • Assembly languageis the second generation of programming languages • Programmer writes instructions using symbolic instruction codes • A source programcontains the language instructions, or code, to be converted into machine language Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Pages 532 - 533 Figure 12-13

  30. Application Development Languages and Tools • In a procedural language, the programmer writes instructions that tell the computer what to accomplish and how to do it Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Pages 533

  31. Application Development Languages and Tools • The C programming language is used to write many of today’s programs Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 534 Figure 12-14

  32. Application Development Languages and Tools Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Pages 534 - 535

  33. Application Development Languages and Tools Compiler Interpreter Pages 534 – 535 Figures 12-15 – 12-16 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12

  34. Application Development Languages and Tools • An object-oriented programming (OOP) language allows programmers the ability to reuse and modify existing objects • Other advantages include: Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 535

  35. Application Development Languages and Tools • Java is an object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems • The Just-in-time (JIT) compiler to convert the machine-independent code into machine-dependent code Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 536 Figure 12-17

  36. Application Development Languages and Tools • C++is an extension of the C programming language • Additional features for working with objects • Visual Studiois Microsoft’s suite of object-oriented application development tools that assists software developers in building programs and apps for Windows or any operating system that supports the Microsoft .NET Framework Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 536

  37. Application Development Languages and Tools Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 537 Figure 12-18

  38. Application Development Languages and Tools • A 4GL(fourth-generation language) is a nonprocedural languagethat enables users and programmers to access data in a database • One popular 4GL is SQL Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 538

  39. Application Development Languages and Tools • Classic programming languages include: Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 538

  40. Application Development Languages and Tools • An application generator is a program that creates source code or machine code from a specification of the required functionality • Often bundled as part of a DBMS • A macrois a series of statements that instructs an application how to complete a task • You usually create the macro in one of two ways: • Record the macro with a macro recorder • Write the macro Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Pages 538 - 539

  41. Application Development Languages and Tools Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 539 Figure 12-19

  42. Application Development Languages and Tools • HTMLis a special formatting language that programmers use to format documents for display on the web Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 540 Figure 12-20

  43. Application Development Languages and Tools • XMLallows web developers to create tags that describe how information is displayed • WML is a subset of XML and is used to design pages specifically for microbrowsers Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 541

  44. Application Development Languages and Tools • Software developers write scripts, applets, servlets, or ActiveX controls using a variety of languages Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 542

  45. Application Development Languages and Tools Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 542

  46. Summary Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 545

  47. Chapter 12 Complete

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