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Trends in Storage Subsystem Technologies

Trends in Storage Subsystem Technologies. Michael Joyce, Senior Director Mylex & OEM Storage Subsystems IBM. The Drive Interface Progression. 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004. 100 MB/s. 200 MB/s. 400 MB/s. Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop. Parallel SCSI. Ultra SCSI. Ultra SCSI. Ultra2

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Trends in Storage Subsystem Technologies

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  1. Trends in Storage Subsystem Technologies Michael Joyce, Senior Director Mylex & OEM Storage Subsystems IBM

  2. The Drive Interface Progression 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 100 MB/s 200 MB/s 400 MB/s Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop Parallel SCSI Ultra SCSI Ultra SCSI Ultra2 SCSI Ultra2 SCSI Ultra160 SCSI Ultra160 SCSI Ultra320 SCSI Ultra320 SCSI Ultra640 SCSI 640 MB/s 640 MB/s 40 MB/s 40 MB/s 80 MB/s 80 MB/s 160 MB/s 320 MB/s 320 MB/s

  3. System Interface Progression 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 1 Gb/s 2 Gb/s 10 Gb/s Fibre Channel PCI/ PCI-X 64-bit 33 MHz 64-bit 66 MHz 64-bit 133 MHz 64-bit 266 MHz 32-bit 33 MHz 133 MB/s 266 MB/s 533 MB/s 1 GB/s 2 GB/s

  4. Multi-Node SAN N-Node, Switched Fibre, N-RAID Controllers, FC HBA FC HBA FC HBA FC HBA FC Switch Port 0 Port 1 Port 0 Port 1 Port 0 Port 1 Port 0 Port 1 RAID Ctlr RAID Ctlr RAID Ctlr RAID Ctlr

  5. FC SAN Internet LAN Early IB Deployment:First-order Network Focus Front-end/ Web Servers . . . IB Switch RAID Subsystems Characteristics • IB used mainly to get I/O out of 1U front-end servers. • High-end servers may not have IB links • SANs and LANs co-exist with IB • IB-to-FC and IB-to-Ethernet bridges to interconnect IB to SANs and LANs High-end Servers

  6. Server Nodes Server Nodes Server Nodes IP Network FC SAN FC SAN iSCSI Storage Arrays Storage Arrays Storage Arrays Initial iSCSI Deployment Until security and traffic/ usage perceptions are overcome, iSCSI SANs and LANs/ WANs will be distinct networks.

  7. Trend Towards Fabric Interconnects • “Get off the Bus - Get on the Fabric!” • Gigabit speeds and shrinking device geometries make it difficult to sustain buses. • Point-to-point interconnects gaining ground. • Within storage controllers, the current interconnect continues to be PCI/ PCI-X • But, competing technologies are appearing ... • RapidIO, HyperTransport™ (AMD), 3GIO (Intel)

  8. Divergence in Interconnect Technologies • Historically, storage subsystems have presented disk-drive like interfaces to the host. • SCSI, Fibre Channel • Moving forward, system interconnects are becoming fabric oriented to address distance, reliability, manageability and other issues. • InfiniBand, iSCSI, 10 Gb Fibre Channel

  9. … Divergence • On next Fibre Channel progression, interfaces diverge. • 10 Gb for system, 4 Gb for drives • Serial ATA emerges as a viable drive interface for desktops and storage subsystems. RAID/ Storage controllers facilitate divergence between system and drive interfaces.

  10. Bridge RAID Logic PCI-X I/F … Lead to Integrated RAID Storage Protocol I/F UART I2C Local Bus) Peripheral Bus GPIO GPT CPU Core

  11. RAID Teaming Dual or Multiple PCI RAID Controllers plugged in the same system, share the same backend disk devices (through SCSI or FC drive enclosure(s)). Disk Drives (JBOD) Dual ported Enclosure (SCSI or FC) Host System Dual PCI RAID Controllers Terminator Switch (SCSI) or FC Hub

  12. FlashCopy Source Logical Drive Target Logical Drive Background Copy Read Read Write Write

  13. Remote Mirroring

  14. Data Siphon

  15. In Summary • Serial ATA emerges as a common interface for desktop and server class drives. • System interconnects move towards iSCSI and InfiniBand with iSCSI appearing to be gaining momentum. • System-on-chip trends will drive towards integrated RAID devices, especially at the low end. • RAID functionality enhancements will continue providing increased data availability, mobility, and manageability

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