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Binary Numbers & Computer Basics: Introduction to Operating Systems

Understand computer basics, binary numbers, storage amounts, key components, hardware terms, and operating systems. Learn the essentials of CPUs, RAM, and more. Explore mobile operating systems and discuss Windows, Mac, Linux, Android, and more.

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Binary Numbers & Computer Basics: Introduction to Operating Systems

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  1. Computer Guts and Operating Systems CSCI 101 Week Two

  2. Numbers • To computers, everything is a number. • Since a computer is really just millions of tiny switches, all a computer understands is off and on, which we represent with 0s and 1s. • Binary Numbers 00000001 = 1 00000010 = 2 00000011 = 3 ... 10000001 = 65 ... 11111111 = 255

  3. Storage Amounts • Bit = 0 or 1 • Byte = 8 bits • Kilobyte (KB) = 210 bytes = about one thousand bytes • Megabyte (MB) = 220 bytes = about one million bytes • Gigabyte (GB) = 230 bytes = about one billion bytes • Terabyte (TB) = 240 bytes = about one trillion bytes

  4. Does it mean? • 1GB ≈ 250 songs • 1GB ≈ 250,000 typed pages • In 1995, 1GB cost $15,000 size 25 years ago and Today

  5. Key Components • CPU - central processing unit • the brains of the system • can only perform simple operations like add two numbers, or compare two numbers • Main Memory / RAM • holds all data and instructions for all the programs you are running • Input/Output Processors • they talk to the other parts such as the USB ports, the disk drive, etc. • Bus • the shared communication channel for all the components • Motherboard • holds the CPU and memory

  6. Internal Diagram Internal Memory / RAM (instructions and data) B U S CPU ROM Disk Drive IOP IOP IOP IOP USB Port

  7. Which is the best price for an external hard drive? • $100 for .5 TB • $120 for 512 GB • Which laptop should I buy? • Model A and B are the same processor and processor speed, but B has 4GB of RAM while A has 2GB of RAM. • model A for $750 • model B for $1000

  8. Misc Hardware Terms • Embedded Computer • Machine Types: • PC • Workstation • Server • Supercomputer • Cache Memory

  9. Operating Systems • Purpose = control the hardware • access to the CPU • internal memory management • file storage on disks • etc • Discussion: • Microsoft Windows vs Mac and Linux http://www.w3schools.com/browsers/browsers_os.asp

  10. Mobile Operating Systems • Discussion: • Android, Apple, RIM, Microsoft, Symbian http://www.emailtray.com/blog/smartphone-penetration-in-2012-us-market-share-operating-systems-and-user-behavior/

  11. Homework • Watch the entire Randy Pausch Time Management video found at • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oTugjssqOT0 • Write 2-3 pages on up to 3 things that you can start doing today, using technology, to improve your time management skills. • Email the paper to me at roudaj@winthrop.edu no later than the start of our next class.

  12. Next Class… • How the Internet Works • Who owns it? • How do you create a new domain name? • What is a "domain name"? • How does it work? • What can it do?

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