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CS313 Introduction to Human Computer Interaction

CS313 Introduction to Human Computer Interaction. Introduction. HCI What? HCI Why?. What happens when a human and a computer system interact to perform a task? task - write document, calculate budget, solve equation, learn about Bosnia, drive home, make a reservation, land a plane...

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CS313 Introduction to Human Computer Interaction

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  1. CS313Introduction toHuman Computer Interaction Introduction

  2. HCI What? HCI Why? • What happens when a human and a computer system interact to perform a task? • task - write document, calculate budget, solve equation, learn about Bosnia, drive home, make a reservation, land a plane... • Why is this important? • Computer systems affect every person • Safety, satisfaction, utility is critical • Product success depends on ease of use

  3. Interfaces in the Real World • Not just computers! • VCR • Wristwatch • Phone • Copier • Car • Plane cockpit • Airline reservation • Air traffic control • Running shoes!

  4. Door Knobs v Levers

  5. Usability • Crucial issue in this area! • Combination of • Ease of learning • High speed of user task performance • Low user error rate • Subjective user satisfaction • User retention over time

  6. What is this class about? • overview of HCI techniques • Phenomena and theories of HCI • Understanding of what usability is and means • User interface design and development • Awareness of Good and Bad design • Application domain of HCI • You will be able to create better user interfaces, web sites, consumer products, etc.

  7. Phenomena and theories of HCI • To understand human psychological architecture and processing constraints • To cover new design methods and techniques available • To understand the new conceptual mechanism used in HCI

  8. Functionality v Interface/Mapping

  9. Topics to be Covered • Introduction to HCI • Interaction Design Basic • Usability Engineering • Design Rules and Universal Design • User Support Knowledge • Cognitive and Perception Models • Communication and Collaboration Models • HCI Applications

  10. What is HCI • Short for human-computer Interaction. • A discipline concerned with the study, design, construction and implementation of human-centric interactive computer systems. 10

  11. Widgets

  12. Pictograms

  13. What is usability? • Usability can simply be thought of as the practical implementation of good HCI, but, more formally : • Usability means easy to learn, effectiveto use and providing an enjoyableexperience 15

  14. Web applications

  15. 3D graphics Final Fantasy XI from “bandviz.cg.tuwien.ac.at”

  16. Display walls

  17. Augmented and virtual reality http://idw-online.de/pages/de/image16073 http://www.novint.com/VRDTS.htm

  18. What’s wrong with each? • Type of error • Who is affected • Impact • What’s a redesign solution?

  19. Why Study HCI? Business view : • to employ people more productively and effectively - people costs now far outweigh hardware and software costs • people now expect “easy to use” systems - generally they are not tolerant of poorly designed systems - if a product is hard to use, they will seek other products 21

  20. Organizational & Social Issues Task Design Technology Humans What is HCI?

  21. Who are “Users”? • People who will use a product or web site. • As opposed to the “Designers” • People who create the system or web site • Have to make an effort to Know The User

  22. The Perfect User (every designer ‘s wish) 24

  23. Above All Else… • Know the User! • Physical & cognitive abilities (& special needs) • Personality & culture • Knowledge & skills • Motivation • Two Fatal Mistakes: • Assume all users are alike • Assume all users are like the designer

  24. The Human • Information i/o via • visual • auditory • haptic • movement channels • Information stored in memory • Information processed and applied

  25. “Which direction?” “Help” “Boat"

  26. Underwater Communications and Hand Signals

  27. Plane Director Uses Hand Signals to Give Directions to Pilots

  28. Memory There are three types of memory function: Sensory memories (buffers for stimuli: visual  iconic,auditory echoic, touch haptic) Short-term memory or working memory Long-term memory Selection of stimuli governed by level of arousal. Attention Rehearsal

  29. How to design and build usable UIs? • UI Development process : • User Profiling • Usability goals • Task analysis & understanding the process • Prototyping • Evaluation • Programming IMPLEMENT DESIGN USE & EVALUATE 31

  30. Design Evaluation • “Looks good to me” isn’t good enough! • Both subjective and objective metrics • Some things we can measure • Time to learn • Speed of performance • Rate of errors by user • Retention over time • Subjective satisfaction

  31. Interaction Model • The most influential model of interaction is Donald Norman’s (http://www.jnd.org/) : • Execution-Evaluation cycle • Norman divides interaction into : • Execution • User activities aimed at making the system do something • Evaluation • Evaluating whether the system did actually do what the user wanted 33

  32. What is the “User Interface”? • Everything the user encounters • Functionality • Content • Labels • Presentation • Layout • Navigation • Speed of response • Documentation & Help

  33. The Computer • a computer system is made up of various elements • each of these elements affects the interaction • input devices - text entry and pointing • output devices - screen, audio • paper input and output • memory - RAM, permanent storage media • processing - speed of processing, networks

  34. Keyboards cont

  35. What is “Usability”? • = Quality! • Learnability • Efficiency • Productivity • Memorability • Little “re-learning” required • Satisfaction • Pleasurable

  36. Skinput: Appropriating the Body as an Input Surface • CHI’2010 • Chris Harrison, HCII, Carnegie Mellon University, USA • Desney Tan (formerly CMU), Dan Morris, Microsoft Research, USA • Use a tiny projector on body to show menus • Microphones to listen to taps on hand/arm • Signal processing and machine learning todifferentiate positions

  37. Why are Interfaces Important? • Sit-down-and-use computers and software • Don't read the manuals • Usability is critical to software sales: • In magazine ratings • "User friendly" • HCI-trained people build better interfaces • Programmers don't think like end-users • Exposure to different kinds of interfaces, problems • User model, not system model

  38. Problem • Appliances are too complex

  39. Problem • Too many remotes

  40. Problem

  41. Good UIs on Successful Products • Palm succeeded where other handhelds had failed due to a focus on usability: • Fit into pocket • Reliable gestural text input • Commands immediately available • Apple iPod lauded fordesign and user interface • Apple iPhone – • Wii controller, vs. XBox, PS3graphics & power

  42. Why Hard to Design UIs? “It is easy to make things hard. It is hard to make things easy.” • User Interface design is a creative process • Designers have difficulty thinking like users • Often need to understand task domain • Can’t “unlearn” something

  43. Why Difficult • Tasks and domains are complex • Word 1 (100 commands) vs. Word 2007 (>2000) • MacDraw 1 vs. Illustrator • BMW iDrive adjusts over 700 functions • Existing theories and guidelines are not sufficient • Too specific and/or too general • Standard does not address all issues. • Adding graphics can make worse • Pretty  Easy to use • Can’t just copy other designs • Legal issues

  44. Course Materials: Books

  45. Subject : Structure • CS313 Human Computer Interaction • 2 credits, 2 hours a week lecture + 2 hours a week lab (2 groups) choose one

  46. Evaluation Plan • Mid-Semester Test 15-20% • End-Semester Test 70% • Teacher’s Evaluation 10-15% • Project A/ Report • Project B / seminar • Attendance (Minimum 75% is must)

  47. Course Materials: Internet Links • Web site maintained by the course instructor http://www.alexu.edu.eg/index.php/ar/2011-09-26-07-06-34/15-data/797-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8-%D8%B3-313 • Alexandria University site www.alexu.edu.eg • Email:y.fouad@sci.alexu.edu.eg

  48. Your first task • Work individually • Take a picture of one badly designed object you can find here • Prepare a PowerPoint / report to explain why do you think the object is badly designed

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