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Environment

Environment. Bratislava, May 2003 Jean-Etienne Chapron Statistical Division UNECE. Environment. An area of paramount importance for human living conditions A worldwide concern, associated to the concept of Sustainable Development

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Environment

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  1. Environment Bratislava, May 2003 Jean-Etienne Chapron Statistical Division UNECE

  2. Environment • An area of paramount importance for human living conditions • A worldwide concern, associated to the concept of Sustainable Development • UN Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 1992 • UN World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, 2002

  3. Environment • Three main categories of issues • Incidence of natural disasters (earthquakes, avalanches) • Immediate effects of pollution of air, water, soil, food • Longer term/indirect effects of mismanagement of environment

  4. Environment • A limited standardisation • Natural disasters are country-specific • Indicators of incidence of natural disasters depend on the nature of disasters (e.g., earthquakes vs floods)

  5. Environment • A limited standardisation (cont.) • Type of pollution (air, water, soil, food) varies across countries • Mismanagement of environment is very diversified (destruction of forest in Albania, Chernobyl in Ukraine & Belarus, Aral sea in Kazakhstan)

  6. Environment • Two sets of indicators • Environment risk, management and protection • Principal air pollutants

  7. Environment Environment risk, management and protection • Budgetary funds allocated to environmental protection and relief, per capita (constant prices)

  8. Environment Environment risk, management and protection (cont.) • Proportion of land area covered by forest • Area protected to maintain biological diversity (% of total land) • Strictly protected area • National parks • Protected landscapes • Etc.

  9. Environment Environment risk, management and protection (cont.) • Unit of energy use (Kiloton of Oil Equivalent) per $1* GDP • Or, if data available: Unit of energy from environmentally acceptable sources per $1* GDP • % of total energy obtained from renewable source * Using Purchasing Power Parity

  10. Environment Principal air pollutants • Carbon dioxide (CO2)* • Ozone depleting CFCs* • Sulphure dioxide (SO2)* • Nitrogene dioxide (NO2)* • Volatile organic compounds* • Toxic waste* • Proportion of population using solid fuels * Kg per capita

  11. Environment Relation to MDG 7 « Ensure environmental sustainability » • Goal 7 has a broader scope • Environment as described above • Sustainable access of population to safe drinking water (see « Housing characteristics ») • Improvement in the lives of slum dwellers (see « Housing characteristics »)

  12. Environment Relation to MDG 7 « Ensure environmental sustainability » (cont.) • NHDR indicators also cover public effort • NHDR indicators cover more air pollutants

  13. Environment Statistical sources • International statistical standards exist for all indicators proposed (including conversion into kiloton of oil equivalent) • National sources can be fairly diversified • National statistical office • Ministry (or Agency) of Environment • Ministry of Finance (budgetary funds) • Ministry of Agriculture (forest)

  14. Environment Statistical sources (cont.) • Risks of inconsistency over time (change in methodology, transfer of responsibility): Use only homogeneous time series • Outdated years of reference may give a biased view of the current situation: do not use • Coverage of air pollution indicators: Only urban? Urban and rural (if yes, separate)?

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