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Developing a Theory to Explain Change: E vidence for Evolution

This section explores pivotal evidence for evolution through various scientific domains. It begins with the fossil record, highlighting the chronological order of fossils found in geological strata and the significance of transitional fossils. The study of biogeography sheds light on the geographical distribution of species, while comparative anatomy reveals homologous and analogous structures. The chapter also discusses embryology, molecular biology, and genetics, linking modern technologies to Darwin's theory and illustrating how traits are inherited and can evolve via mutation.

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Developing a Theory to Explain Change: E vidence for Evolution

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  1. Pages 126 - 133 Developing a Theory to Explain Change: Evidence for Evolution

  2. Evidence of Evolution • 1. The fossil record • 2. Transitional fossils • 3. Patterns of distribution • 4. Anatomy • 5. Embryology • 6. Molecular biology • 7. Genetics

  3. 1. THE FOSSIL RECORD : • Paleontology: study of fossils; remains of once living organisms. • Fossils found in young layers of rock are more similar to present day species than fossils in older layers of rock • Fossils appear in chronological order, ancestral species found in layers beneath • Not all species appear in the record at the same time

  4. Plant and Animal Fossils

  5. Geological Strata

  6. 2 - Transitional Fossils • The original fossil record gave “scattered snapshots” of ancestral forms • On-going discoveries of hundreds of transitional fossils show intermediate links

  7. 3 - Biogeography • Biogeography: the study of past and present geographical distribution of organisms. • Darwin and Wallace hypothesized that organisms evolve in one location and then spread out to other regions.

  8. Biogeography: plate tectonics

  9. Biogeography: continental drift

  10. 4 - Comparative Anatomy • Homologous structures: • similar structure and evolutionary origin • may have different function • Analogous structures: • similar functions • do not have common evolutionary origin Reverse Engineering the Chicken

  11. 5 - Embryology • Embryonic development of many organisms shows uniformities • Embryonic similarities are particularly obvious during early stages of development

  12. 6 - Molecular Biology: • The field of molecular biology has developed as technologies to identify molecules, such as DNA and protein molecules, has developed. • If two species have similar patterns in proteins of their DNA, this similarity indicates that these portions of their DNA were most likely inherited from a recent common ancestor

  13. 7 - Genetics • The use of modern technologies has led to many discoveries that support Darwin’s theory. • The field of genetics has lead to understanding of how species pass on their traits to their offspring and how the blueprints for these traits can change by mutation.

  14. Homework • On the slip of paper provided, create one test/quiz question from the information you learned today. • Homework for Tomorrow: • Section 4.2 Questions • #1,2,3,6,7,8,10

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