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Wind Turbine Taskforce Update: Lessons from Zambia Test Deployment

Learn about the technical and economic feasibility of using wind power for rural electrification in Zambia. Field tests, funding sources, lessons learned, future plans, and more.

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Wind Turbine Taskforce Update: Lessons from Zambia Test Deployment

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  1. Wind Turbine Taskforce: Update and Lessons Learned from Zambia Test Deployment Engineers without Borders Chapter Meeting 21 September 2011 Seattle, WA Henry Louie*, Steve Szablya*, Vincent Van Acker** *Seattle University,**Alstom Grid

  2. Chikuni Jesuit Mission Dr. Henry Louie

  3. Goal Determine technical and economic feasibility of using wind power for rural electrification of impoverished communities

  4. Funding Sources • SU Global Grant: $9,524 • SU Endowed Mission Fund: $6,000 • Community Solutions Initiative: $3,000 • Professionals without Boundaries: $3,000 Total Funding: $21,524 Dr. Henry Louie

  5. Approach • Assemble volunteer team • Industry, academia, students • Start with existing Do-It-Yourself wind turbine design • Build prototypes in Seattle • Assess feasibility and field test in rural community • Redesign, refine and retest

  6. Case Study: Zambia • +12 million people • 25% have electricity • per capital energy use: 3.3% of USA • +8 million live in rural communities • 50% of rural population have electronic devices • 4% have access to electricity

  7. Case Study: Zambia

  8. Dr. Henry Louie

  9. S N N S S N N S S N N S

  10. terminals

  11. rotors hub stator Dr. Henry Louie

  12. Dr. Henry Louie

  13. Field Testing • On-site in Chikuni, Zambia • Work with Jesuit Mission • Bring generator parts • Build tower and wind turbine blades

  14. ZAMBIA

  15. Dr. Henry Louie

  16. Wind Speed Measurements anemometer • Near continuous readings from 8am to 6pm for 2 days • Did not record during evening • Safety • Generally low wind speed • July/August: highest wind speeds 100 inches

  17. Lusaka X Chikuni 230 miles Livingstone Dr. Henry Louie

  18. Wind turbine location X 450 ft Prevailing Wind Dr. Henry Louie

  19. Wind Speed Measurements Instantaneous Values Very high wind speeds!

  20. Dr. Henry Louie

  21. 100 inches Dr. Henry Louie

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  24. 4 foot blades vs. 5 foot blades 5 ft 4 ft Dr. Henry Louie

  25. Dr. Henry Louie

  26. Blades Hub Generator Dr. Henry Louie

  27. Dr. Henry Louie

  28. Generator assembly Dr. Henry Louie

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  31. cows Dr. Henry Louie

  32. Dr. Henry Louie

  33. Facing into the Wind Furled Position Dr. Henry Louie

  34. Performance Data • Idle Speed: 11 mph • Cut-in (battery charging): 15 mph • Max RPM tested: 330 • Maximum instantaneous power output: 75 W • Continuous power output: 5 W • Blades were wrong size for generator

  35. The Market for Electricity • Cell Phone Charging: • With charger: 1000 Kwacha (US$ 0.20) • With shop charger: 1500 Kwacha (US$ 0.30) • Car Battery Charging: • 2500 Kwacha (US$ 0.50) • Charged overnight • LI cellular phone battery capacity: 5 Wh • Cost per Wh: US$ 0.04

  36. Back-of-envelope calculation: • Village size: 1000 people • Percent with cellular phones: 15 • Charge Frequency: 1/week • Charges per day: 21 • Energy required: 105 Wh per day • Wind turbine capacity factor: 15% • Wind turbine size: 30 W • Income: US$4.20/day • Payback time on $500 investment: 120 days

  37. 700W Wind Turbine Costs • Pipe: $78 • Wood: $13 • Wire: $0.32/m x 250m = $80 • Magnets*: 24 x $15 = $360 • Resin*: $80 • Hardware*: $130 • Rectifier*: $7 • Battery: $125 • Metal Parts*: $450 • Electrical*: $20 Total: US $1343 * Price in the U.S.

  38. Cost Considerations • Does not include tools, labor • Price of rare earth magnets increasing and volatile • Resins, magnets not easy to find • Too big, expensive • Micro loans generally are $500 or less

  39. Lessons Learned • Very location dependent • Best energy source • Prices/availability • Expertise • Economics • Tower • Most components can be found locally, prices are usually more expensive than in U.S. • Feasibility of blade and tower construction

  40. Future Plans • Design 100 W wind turbine • Engineer safe, secure tower solution • Work with local community • Promote as a business opportunity

  41. Acknowledgements • Fr. Bert Otten, S.J. • Steve Szablya, PE • Carmen Cejudo • Dino Go • Ayesha Pirbhai • Josh Peavler • Karim Farraj • Byron Lynch Dr. Henry Louie

  42. Questions?

  43. Learn More • Become involved! • Email: vincent.van.acker@alstom.com • Email: louieh@seattleu.edu • Email: szablyst@seattleu.edu • http://communitysolutionsinitiative.org/

  44. Henry Louie, PhD Assistant Professor Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 901 12th Avenue, Bannan 219 P.O. Box 222000 Seattle, WA 98122-1090 www.seattleu.edu Tel: (206) 398-4619 Fax: (206) 296-5962 louieh@seattleu.edu COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

  45. Videos • Raising The Turbine in Chikuni, Zambia(255.5M) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qOQk6gl7O8 • Wind Turbine and Electrical Setup in Chikuni, Zambia(27.1M) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EO38Mo_WJdk • The Wind Turbine Spinning in Chikuni, Zambia(57.87M) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ9U7uz8onk • Electric Braking During High Speed Operation in Chikuni, Zambia(59.45M) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=faBwLgE4NE0 • Alternate View of the Turbine Configuration from the bottom of Dam in Chikuni, Zambia(53.72M) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1qv4B7zy08w Dr. Henry Louie

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