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DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS

“Energy can neither be created or destroyed, it can only be changed from one form to another.” - Einstein. DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS. Bonds are formed through the removal of water

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DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS

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  1. “Energy can neither be created or destroyed, it can only be changed from one form to another.” - Einstein

  2. DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS • Bonds are formed through the removal of water • Chemical reaction in which two molecules are joined covalently by the removal of -OH from one molecule and -Hatom which makes water OH + H → H2O

  3. Examples of dehydration synthesis in biomolecules Carbohydrates Monosaccharide + Monosaccharide →Disaccharide + H2O Lipids 1 Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids → Triglyceride + 3 H2O Proteins 2 Amino Acids →Dipeptide + H2O

  4. HYDROLYSIS • Bonds are broken through the addition of water • Adding water splits the molecules into smaller units • Splitting polymers into monomers • Reverse reaction of dehydration synthesis 2 H2O →2 H2 + O2

  5. Examples of hydrolysis in biomolecules Carbohydrates Disaccharide + H2O → Monosaccharide + Monosaccharide Lipids Triglyceride + 3 H2O →1 Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids Proteins Dipeptide + H2O → 2 Amino Acids

  6. SYNTHESIS – BOND FORMS HYDROLYSIS – BOND BREAKS

  7. ATP : Energy & The CellChapter 6

  8. What is energy? • Organisms need energy to perform every task • Cells also need energy for active transport & to make molecules

  9. Energy for Cells • The energy for cells is stored in the chemical bonds of biomolecules such as carbohydrates and lipids • PRIMARY SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR CELLS is GLUCOSE

  10. GLUCOSE • Glucose brings into the cells a large supply of energy stored in its bonds • The energy is transferred from the glucose to where it is needed through the use of ATP • ATP = energy carrier molecule

  11. ATP • ATP is the energy currency of the cell • ATP = Coins • Cell = Vending Machine

  12. ATPADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE

  13. FUNCTION OF ATP • ATP transfers energy from the breakdown of glucose to cell processes • Functions like a rechargeable battery

  14. FUNCTION OF ATP

  15. HOW DOES ATP FUNCTION? ADP + P + Energy ↔ ATP

  16. ATPADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE

  17. ATP • ATP is a universal energy-carrier molecule in all cells • When ATP is converted to ADP and P, energyis released to run the cell’s activities • ADP has to be recharged to make ATP. It takes the P and energy it needs from glucose

  18. ANIMATION : HYDROLYSIS OF ATP

  19. ANIMATION : SYNTHESIS OF ATP

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