1. History of Transportation Before the year 1750

2. 3500 years before christ (BC): The invention of the wheel • 2000: BC Horses are domesticated and used for transportation • 181-234: The wheelbarrow is invented • 770: Iron horseshoes improve transportation by horse How it all began… 1662: Blaise Pascal invents the first public bus - horse- drawn, regular route, schedule, and fare system 1740    Jacques de Vaucanson demonstrates his clockwork powered carriage

3. Who used which transport? Imagine of the first wind-driven car

4. How did people go to work? - often lived in the near of the work - walk to work • very rich people get with the carriage to work

5. How did they travel? Not everybody could afford to travel they travel with carriages, with very bad comfort  carriages had no suspension need much time, because of slowly transport  very bad traffic-routes

6. How often and why did they travel? they travel rare, because of the high costs They don´t travel for fun, but to search a job some worked for a time for people with carriages, to travel with them

7. Shipping and Trade • One of the most important means of transport in 1750 was shipping • In 1750 shipping were mostly used for trading, merchants were able to export goods to other continents. • The ships in 1750 were not constructed to take people and people couldn´t afford it to go by ship, so the seaways were mainly used by merchants

8. Shipping and Trade • People could get goods from far away countries and a bigger spectrum of commodities were buyable • sugar, tea and many other luxery goods were available now • Material prosperity were established in big parts of the population

9. Shipping and Trade • An important way to trade was the „triangula trade“ • Triangula trade ment the trade between three trade partners, in this example Africa, America and Europe. • Manufactual goods from Europe were exported to Africa • From Africa slaves were brought to the Caribbean (and from there to Nothern America) • In the Caribbean merchants got for example sugar and rum for european consumers • Every trade partner took advantage of the trade because every trader got goods which were not available on the local market • In this time slaves were goods for western merchants, they used to do jobs which the local population didn´t like to do

10. The Steam Engine • Thomas Savery (1650-1715) English inventor& engineer had to solve a problem: When the miners digged very deep into the ground the ground water flowed into the mine.

11. The first Steam Engine • Savery invented a machine which raises water by the help of the power of steam: • A fire boil water • The steam spread and blows into the bowl where the water is. • The water goes upwards. • The valve closes.

12. Miner‘s friend • The steam condenses and creates a vacuum. • This vacuum sucks new water on which is pumped out of the coal mine like explained before. • Savery called his invention Miner‘s Friend and patented it 1698 for the next 14 years.

13. Improvement of the Steam Engine • The problem of Savery‘ s machine was that it only could transport water 12 metres high becaus the pressure of the steam is limited. • Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729) improved the steam engine.

14. Newcomen Steam Engine • This engine could transport water higher because it uses the power of atmospheric pressure and is so not limited. • 1712 Newcomen and John Calley built the first steam engine to pump water out of a water-filled coal mine. • This was a very interesting and useful invention for this time.

15. Newcomen Steam engine • Blue: water • Pink: steam • Green: valve open • Red: valve closed

16. You might ask yourself: What is the use of the steam engine… …for the history of transportation?

17. Connection of the steam engine & the history of transportation • Later inventors used the steam engine to develop • the steam- diesel- engine • which was used to power a locomotive