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Ischemic Pre-Conditioning and Athletic Performance

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Ischemic Pre-Conditioning and Athletic Performance. Hirofumi Tanaka, Ph.D. Cardiovascular Aging Research Laboratory Department of Kinesiology & Health Education The University of Texas at Austin. Athletes and Competitive Advantage. Ergogenic Aids. Oxygen Inhalation. Compression Sleeves.

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  1. Ischemic Pre-Conditioning and Athletic Performance Hirofumi Tanaka, Ph.D. Cardiovascular Aging Research Laboratory Department of Kinesiology & Health Education The University of Texas at Austin

  2. Athletes and Competitive Advantage

  3. Ergogenic Aids Oxygen Inhalation Compression Sleeves Eye Black Nasal Strip

  4. Ischemic Preconditioning • ↑ Endothelial function • ↑ Resistance to hypoxic injury • ↑ Ischemic tolerance ↑

  5. Olympic Marathon 270 yard 0.7 mile Gold 2:06:32 Silver 2:07:16 Bronze 2:10:00 0.5% 2.7%

  6. Usain Bolt in Beijing Olympics Gold 9.69 Silver 9.89 Bronze 9.91 2.0% 2.3%

  7. Treatment Effects and Measurement Variabilities

  8. Different Perspective

  9. Ischemic Preconditioning and VO2max Young healthy well-trained subjects De Groot et al. Eur J ApplPhysiol. 2010

  10. Ischemic Preconditioning and VO2max 56.8±6.8 58.4±6.2 ↑3% De Groot et al. Eur J ApplPhysiol. 2010

  11. Ischemic Preconditioning and Endurance Young healthy trained men RIP: Ischemic preconditioning at rest EIP: Ischemic preconditioning after 5-min exercise (larger metabolic load) Crisafulli et al. J ApplPhysiol. 2011

  12. Ischemic Preconditioning and VO2max Crisafulli et al. J ApplPhysiol. 2011

  13. Ischemic Preconditioning and 5 km Running Trial ⬆2.5% Young healthy trained men 4 x 5-min 220 mmHg bilateral leg occlusion 22.6±2.4 min 22.0±1.9 min Bailey et al. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012

  14. Ischemic Preconditioning and VO2max VO2max (ml/kg/min) Bailey et al. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012

  15. Ischemic Preconditioning and 100m Swimming Performance Canadian national-level swimmers (13-27 years) IPC, 40-45 min warm-up, time trial ⬆0.7 sec or 1% 66.28±21.08 66.98±21.28 Jean-St-Michel et al. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011

  16. Michael Phelps vs. MiloradCavic in 100m Butterfly Gold 50.58 Silver 50.59 0.02% - - - - - 2.5% 8th 51.12

  17. Michael Phelps-18 Olympic Gold Medals-

  18. Wingate Anaerobic Power Test

  19. Wingate Anaerobic Power Test • Peak power output • Average power output • (anaerobic capacity) • Fatigue Index = (Peak - End) • Peak

  20. Remote IPC Experimental Protocol Rest Wingate Tests 1 2 3 4 0 10 20 30 40 55 57.5 60 62.5 65 Time (min)

  21. Wingate Anaerobic Power Test

  22. Peak Power Output *

  23. Average Power Output †

  24. Fatigue Index

  25. Conclusions • Ischemic preconditioning appears to be an effective ergogenic aid to enhance both anaerobic and aerobic athletic performance. • The effects of ischemic preconditioning on maximal aerobic fitness remain controversial. • The application of ischemic preconditioning to athletes is a promising area that requires more investigations.

  26. Ischemic Preconditioning and 5km Running Trial Bailey et al. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012

  27. RIPC on Infarction Size in Mouse Hearts Infarct size is expressed as a % of area at risk. The black bar - mice perfused with dialysate from control subjects (n = 4). The white bar -mice perfused with dialysate from elite swimmers (n = 9). Jean-St-Michel et al. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011

  28. Ischemic Preconditioning on Phosphagens Pasdois et al. J Am Heart Assoc. 2012