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Ischemic Pre-Conditioning and Athletic Performance. Hirofumi Tanaka, Ph.D. Cardiovascular Aging Research Laboratory Department of Kinesiology & Health Education The University of Texas at Austin. Athletes and Competitive Advantage. Ergogenic Aids. Oxygen Inhalation. Compression Sleeves.
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Ischemic Pre-Conditioning and Athletic Performance Hirofumi Tanaka, Ph.D. Cardiovascular Aging Research Laboratory Department of Kinesiology & Health Education The University of Texas at Austin
Ergogenic Aids Oxygen Inhalation Compression Sleeves Eye Black Nasal Strip
Ischemic Preconditioning • ↑ Endothelial function • ↑ Resistance to hypoxic injury • ↑ Ischemic tolerance ↑
Olympic Marathon 270 yard 0.7 mile Gold 2:06:32 Silver 2:07:16 Bronze 2:10:00 0.5% 2.7%
Usain Bolt in Beijing Olympics Gold 9.69 Silver 9.89 Bronze 9.91 2.0% 2.3%
Ischemic Preconditioning and VO2max Young healthy well-trained subjects De Groot et al. Eur J ApplPhysiol. 2010
Ischemic Preconditioning and VO2max 56.8±6.8 58.4±6.2 ↑3% De Groot et al. Eur J ApplPhysiol. 2010
Ischemic Preconditioning and Endurance Young healthy trained men RIP: Ischemic preconditioning at rest EIP: Ischemic preconditioning after 5-min exercise (larger metabolic load) Crisafulli et al. J ApplPhysiol. 2011
Ischemic Preconditioning and VO2max Crisafulli et al. J ApplPhysiol. 2011
Ischemic Preconditioning and 5 km Running Trial ⬆2.5% Young healthy trained men 4 x 5-min 220 mmHg bilateral leg occlusion 22.6±2.4 min 22.0±1.9 min Bailey et al. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012
Ischemic Preconditioning and VO2max VO2max (ml/kg/min) Bailey et al. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012
Ischemic Preconditioning and 100m Swimming Performance Canadian national-level swimmers (13-27 years) IPC, 40-45 min warm-up, time trial ⬆0.7 sec or 1% 66.28±21.08 66.98±21.28 Jean-St-Michel et al. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011
Michael Phelps vs. MiloradCavic in 100m Butterfly Gold 50.58 Silver 50.59 0.02% - - - - - 2.5% 8th 51.12
Wingate Anaerobic Power Test • Peak power output • Average power output • (anaerobic capacity) • Fatigue Index = (Peak - End) • Peak
Remote IPC Experimental Protocol Rest Wingate Tests 1 2 3 4 0 10 20 30 40 55 57.5 60 62.5 65 Time (min)
Conclusions • Ischemic preconditioning appears to be an effective ergogenic aid to enhance both anaerobic and aerobic athletic performance. • The effects of ischemic preconditioning on maximal aerobic fitness remain controversial. • The application of ischemic preconditioning to athletes is a promising area that requires more investigations.
Ischemic Preconditioning and 5km Running Trial Bailey et al. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012
RIPC on Infarction Size in Mouse Hearts Infarct size is expressed as a % of area at risk. The black bar - mice perfused with dialysate from control subjects (n = 4). The white bar -mice perfused with dialysate from elite swimmers (n = 9). Jean-St-Michel et al. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011
Ischemic Preconditioning on Phosphagens Pasdois et al. J Am Heart Assoc. 2012