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1. The CELL

1. The CELL. Definition : the cell is the basic unit of life. Cells allow us to eat, breathe, grow, reproduce and eliminate waste. Cell components visible under the microscope: Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus. Cell Organelles. http://mrbrowns5thgrade.com/Cell%20quiz.html.

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1. The CELL

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  1. 1. The CELL • Definition: the cell is the basic unit of life. • Cells allow us to eat, breathe, grow, reproduce and eliminate waste. • Cell components visible under the microscope: • Cell membrane • Cytoplasm • Nucleus

  2. Cell Organelles

  3. http://mrbrowns5thgrade.com/Cell%20quiz.html

  4. Inside the Nucleus • Genetic material, DNA, is found inside the nucleus. • It contains all the information needed to manufacture proteins that have specific tasks to carry out.

  5. What is DNA? DNA is divided into segments called genes which can be found on chromosomes. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. Each chromosome is a very long molecule of tightly coiled DNA. DNA molecules carry the code that controls what your cells are made of and what they do.

  6. The nucleus of a human cell contains about 25 000 genes. This complete set of genes is called theGENOME.

  7. What are chromosomes? Chromosomes are long strands of genetic information located in the nuclei of cells. Chromosomes are most visible during cell division when they replicate and look like this… You will see chromosomes represented bothways.

  8. A single DNA molecule will contain thousands of genes. • The genes present will determine which proteins a cell will manufacture.

  9. Structure of DNA

  10. DNA and base pairs Each step in the helix consists of a pair of building blocks called nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogen-containing base. There are 4 bases (A,T,G,C). The four bases are: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine. These bases always pair together in the same way. How do you think the four bases pair up?

  11. DNA and base pairs Base pairs hold the two strands of the DNA helix together. The rules for base pairing are… Aalways pairs withT Calwayspairs withG

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