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Nationalism in Russia and Turkey: Examining Autocracy, Emancipation, and Decline

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malana
14 diapositives · 270 Views · Aug 10, 2014

In this lesson, students will explore critical terms related to nationalism in Russia and Turkey. Key topics include the autocratic rule of the Tsars, the Emancipation of Serfs in 1861, and the policy of Russification, which aimed to enforce Russian culture on non-Russian peoples. The lesson also delves into the tragic history of pogroms against Jews and the decline of the Ottoman Empire, referred to as the "Sick Man of Europe." Students will engage with reflection questions to deepen their understanding of these historical events and their implications.

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  1. Nationalism in Russia and Turkey In this lesson, students will be able to define the following terms: Autocrats Emancipation of Serfs Russification Pogroms “Sick Man of Europe” E. Napp

  2. Although the middle class was gaining power in Western Europe, the Tsars (Czars) of Russia continued to rule as autocrats or absolute rulers. E. Napp

  3. Through the use of secret police and censorship, they repressed new ideas and attempts at political and social reform. E. Napp

  4. Most Russians were illiterate serfs. Serfs were bound to the land. They lived in poverty. Serfdom still existed in Russia. E. Napp

  5. After Russia’s defeat in the Crimean War (1854-1856) by Britain and France, Tsar Alexander II listened to reformers and emancipated the serfs in 1861. E. Napp

  6. However, Tsar Alexander II was assassinated shortly afterwards. Hopes for future reforms ended. Later Tsars opposed all change to the social order. E. Napp

  7. The Russian government also adopted a policy of Russification. E. Napp

  8. Under Russification, all non-Russian people living in the Russian empire were forced to adopt the Russian language, culture, and Russian Orthodox faith. E. Napp

  9. Jews in Russia faced state organized riots known as pogroms. Pogroms were violent attacks on Jews in Russia. They were encouraged by the Russian government. E. Napp

  10. Nationalism also accelerated the decline of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire was crumbling and referred to as the “Sick Man of Europe” due to its weakened state. E. Napp

  11. There were many reasons for the decline of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Turks had failed to keep pace with Western technology and science. E. Napp

  12. Serbs, Greeks, and Romanians gained independence from the Ottomans in the early 19th century. Nationalism encouraged self-determination. E. Napp

  13. Russian Orthodox Christians waged a series of wars against the Ottoman Turks. The Ottomans lost important territories in Austria and Russia. E. Napp

  14. Questions for Reflection: • Why were many Russian tsars autocrats? • Who emancipated Russia’s serfs and what happened to him? • How did Russification affect the Russian empire? • What were pogroms? • Why was the Ottoman Empire called the “sick man of Europe”? E. Napp