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The Evolution of Internet Development in Indonesia: A Community-Centric Approach

This overview explores the historical evolution of internet development in Indonesia, emphasizing the vital role of human factors and community engagement over technology or financial backing. From grassroots initiatives like homebrew radio modem networks in the 90s to the establishment of commercial ISPs, this narrative illustrates how bottom-up, community-based strategies drove sustainable progress. The author's significant achievements in free education and empowering local communities showcase the importance of societal commitment and human resource development in fostering a thriving internet culture.

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The Evolution of Internet Development in Indonesia: A Community-Centric Approach

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  1. Internet Evolution in Indonesia Onno W. Purbo Onno@indo.net.id Ex. Civil Servant Ex. Lecturer at ITB Works for Indonesian People

  2. Important Key Factor • Human • Community • Society • NOT Technology • NOT $$$

  3. Major Achievements • Bottom-up Community based Sustainable development • No backup from World Bank, IMF, ADB, in fact, some of these institutions are piggy back on our successes  ..

  4. Overview • Historical View • Key Strategies in injecting a bottom-up community based development. • Internet community development • Commercial ISP development • Government & incumbent repressive approaches. • Technical aspects in empowering people’s power to overrule the government  ..

  5. Historical View • Focus on Social (human) Aspects

  6. Network Topology: Jan 1993

  7. Homebrew Radio Modem

  8. Software & PC based • 286 & e-mail only • Freeware network operating system (NOS) • Downloadable from ftp://ftp.ucsd.edu/hamradio/packet/

  9. CA*net3 AI3 Indonesia: 1997 STARTAP WIDE TransPAC AI3 S-One / SingaREN APAN vBNS AI3 Indonesia IIX

  10. Success Factor • Community based development. • Human Resource Development • Culture! • Shifting mind set! • Self-financing. • Human is the key factor!

  11. Key strategies:Community Based Dev’t

  12. Key Strategies • Human factor is the most important KEY. • Provide Free Education to the Society • Copyleft & Copywrong movement • Free? How about the reward? • God provides reward in unimaginable ways.

  13. Society Education Process

  14. Real Examples • http://www.bogor.net/idkf • Mailing lists • Genetika@yahoogroups.com • Majalahneotek@yahoogroups.com • Linux-admin@yahoogroups.com • Indowli@yahoogroups.com • Roadshow • Linux seminar, entrance fee US$3/person • Free seminars at schools part of JIS.

  15. Internet Community Development

  16. Access Behaviour • Source: Adi Nugroho adi@internux.co.id • 50% Internet Café in Makassar, Sulawesi • 20-27 January 2002.

  17. Logged Access Sites in Makassar

  18. Access Behaviour • Search engine & webmail are the the most accessed site. • News & online media are next. • Indonesian pornograhics site is next in the row (not much). • 2.98% users normally mistype the URL. • Yahoo.com & its family is the most (13%) accessed site.

  19. Indonesian Internet Communities • http://www.yahoogroups.com • http://groups.yahoo.com • http://groups.plasa.com • Survey done at yahoogroups.com

  20. Historical Perspective • ’90: Indonesians@jamus.berkeley.edu • ’96: Mailing-lists@itb.ac.id • ’99: Mailing-lists@yahoogroups.com

  21. Evaluate yahoogroups.com • 45.000+ indonesian mailing lists • Mostly <100 subscribers • Evaluate only >100 subscribers

  22. Evaluation

  23. Mailing lists

  24. Subscribers

  25. Messages in 2001

  26. Activeness (msg/subs/month)

  27. Bandwidth (Kbps)

  28. Commercial ISP Development

  29. Commercial ISPs • APJII = Indonesian ISP Association • http://www.apjii.or.id • IndoNet • the first Indonesian commercial ISP in 1994.

  30. APJII Membership • 150+ Principal License Holder • 80 Member APJII • 40+ active in providing services • 100+ cities, all provinces • Common Facilities • APJII IIX • APJII IDNIC • Domain Registration & NIR (APNIC)

  31. Principal & Operational License

  32. Subscriber Distribution

  33. Targeted Total Indonesian Internet Users

  34. Indonesia Internet Exchange GLOBAL INTERNET ISP ISP APJII – IIX (GCC TELKOM)

  35. Indonesia Internet Disaster ..

  36. Facing Stubborn Incumbent • The Incumbent is paranoid on VoIP • US$30/incoming call line/month; from normally US$3/month • No E1 lines for Indosat & may ISPs • No E1 lines for offices • The stubborn incumbent is stubborn • Purposely no lines for ISP in several islands.

  37. Gov’t Emergency Task Force • Sickness in Gov’t Policy Framework • No competitive safeguard • ISP must uses PSTN lines; while Telco doesn’t want to give lines to ISP  … • Sickness in Gov’t Tactical Framework • No creativities are allowed • Illegaly sweeping all “illegal” VoIP operators • Illegaly sweeping all “illegal” high-speed Internet Wireless users. • Not to mention the unofficial gov’t taxes.

  38. Technical aspects in empowering people’s power

  39. Current Technology Push • Wireless Internet 11-54Mbps • Estimated cost US$150 / unit • “Unlicensed” band 2.4Ghz, 5-5.8GHz • Build own network, no Telco!

  40. Wireless 11Mbps PCI Card

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