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Memory systems and executive functions. Lecture 4 (Chapters 7 and 11). Last week. We looked at Auditory and visual perception Object recognition Attention We also reviewed some important disorders, notable forms of agnosia. This week. We will do some basic memory experiments
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Memory systems and executive functions Lecture 4 (Chapters 7 and 11)
Last week • We looked at • Auditory and visual perception • Object recognition • Attention • We also reviewed some important disorders, notable forms of agnosia
This week • We will do some basic memory experiments • We will try to locate memory in the brain and relate brain lesions to amnesia • We will also explore executive functions in the frontal lobes • This covers chapters 7 and 11 (chapter 7 ends at page 288)
Before we start... • Everybody on the right of the classroom, please, close their eyes until the following words have been presented • The others, pay attention to the following 10 words. You will be asked to remember them later • Don’t write them down!
Now for the other half... • Everybody on the left of the classroom, please, close their eyes until the following words have been presented • The others, pay attention to the following 10 words. You will be asked to remember them later • Don’t write them down!
Memory and attention are strongly intertwined • Paying attention can be seen as holding in memory • Attention is required for rehearsal • The longer an item is attended (held in memory), the higher the chance it will be remembered later
Desimone’s study of V4* neurons * V4 is visual cortex before inferotemporal cortex (IT)
Brown-Peterson task • Try to remember three letters, e.g., XJC • When given a number (e.g., 307), start counting backward in threes (307, 304, 301, 298, …) • When the Write! text appears, write down the letters you remember • This has to be done at least several times to obtain the effect
Typical results of the Brown-Peterson task • The results typically show very low memory performance • The reason is that rehearsal of the letters is prevented by the counting task
Before we continue, • Write down all the words you remember from the presentation • Make sure you do not verbalize them at this moment • We will verify the result in a minute, but first we have the following two puzzles
Fragment completion • Try to complete the following English word fragments • You have 30 seconds • Each dot (.) stands for a letter • Don’t verbalize! (So, we can obtain a better sample)
The correct answers were • scissors • assassin
Left half table car tree computer monkey paper scissors tennis dessert bread Right half table car tree computer monkey paper assassin tennis dessert bread The presented words were:
