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PV System Design and Installlation

PV System Design and Installlation. LO 4A Solar Energy Fundamentals. PV Basics. Solar Energy Fundamentals (15% of test questions). 4.1 Define basic solar terms (e.g., irradiation, Langley, azimuth) 4.2 Determine true (solar) south from magnetic (compass) south given a declination map

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PV System Design and Installlation

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  1. PV System Design and Installlation LO 4A Solar Energy Fundamentals

  2. PV Basics

  3. Solar Energy Fundamentals (15% of test questions) 4.1 Define basic solar terms (e.g., irradiation, Langley, azimuth) 4.2 Determine true (solar) south from magnetic (compass) south given a declination map 4.3 Describe basic solar movement and effect of earth tilt 4.4 Predict solar position using solar path diagrams 4.5 Describe angular effects on the irradiance of array 4.6 Identify factors that reduce/enhance solar irradiation 4.7 Determine average solar irradiation on various surfaces 4.8 Convert solar irradiation into a variety of units 4.9 Determine effect of horizon on solar irradiation (shading) 4.10 Demonstrate use of Solar Pathfinder or sun charts

  4. Radiant Energy Energy that moves through space from higher temperature objects to low temperature objects

  5. Units of Measure Irradiance Measure of the rate of solar radiation falling on area. This is the POWERdensity of solar radiation and is measured in units of watt/square meter Irradiation The amount of solar energy that falls on the surface over time is called irradiation. This is the ENERGY density of solar radiation. It is measured in kilowatt-hours/square meter/day

  6. Energy Conversion

  7. Solar Radiation Spectrum Reference 2 AM = Air Mass

  8. Spectral sensitivity of different solar cell types Reference 2

  9. Factors affecting solar radiation Angle of incident Clouds Snow, Rain, Fog, etc. Dust particles Air pollution Reflective materials Reference 2

  10. Peak Sun Hours Reference 4

  11. US Solar Energy Distribution Reference 3

  12. Peak Sun-Hours at different angles of incidence Data for all 50 states available at; http://rredc.nrel.gov/solar/pubs/redbook/

  13. Sun’s Path More on the sun’s path during the year Reference 4

  14. Position of sun changes during year Earth’s travel around the Sun as seen back here on Earth Reference 2

  15. Azimuth Angle – Angle of Sun’s east-west position. 90 180 Reference 4

  16. Altitude Angle – Angle of Sun above the horizon Reference 2

  17. Sun Chart Diagrams http://solardat.uoregon.edu/SunChartProgram.html

  18. Where is “Truth South”? Must correct compass reading based on magnetic declination About 14 degrees to the west in the Capitol Region

  19. Be Careful! Inconsistency in PV industry Compass Bearings are not the same as Azimuth Angles Reprinted from “Photovoltaic Systems, Jim Dunlop and Todd Stafford, ATP Publication, 2007”

  20. Another means of analyzing the sun’s path across a surface is using a Solar Pathfinder

  21. Solar Pathfinder DVD

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