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The Reformation

The Reformation. Direct Challenges to the Authority of the Catholic Church. Causes of the Reformation. By 1500, Renaissance values and ideals threatens church authority Rulers resent the popes’ attempt to control them German merchants resent church ban on usury. Causes of the Reformation.

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The Reformation

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  1. The Reformation Direct Challenges to the Authority of the Catholic Church

  2. Causes of the Reformation • By 1500, Renaissance values and ideals threatens church authority • Rulers resent the popes’ attempt to control them • German merchants resent church ban on usury

  3. Causes of the Reformation • Challenged Pope’s authority • Bible was the word of God • Hus was executed • Wycliffe’s body burned • Early Reformers challenge the Church John Hus John Wycliffe

  4. The Catalyst • Martin Luther - Catholic monk in Germany • Wrote and posted the 95 Theses (protests): Challenged indulgences and authority of pope

  5. Luther’s Teachings: • Salvation won by faith alone • Bible is ultimate authority   • All people equal in faith

  6. Response to Luther Edict (Judgment) of Worms (1521) • Excommunicated by pope • Luther is named a heretic (criminal) by Monarchs • Luther found support among German princes

  7. Effects • Peasant Revolt – (1524) demand an end to serfdom and church tithes • War in German States: Protestants v. Catholics: Known as 30 Years War • Peace of Augsburg (1555) – religion decided by the ruler of each German state (Catholic or Lutheran)

  8. The Reformation Continues Changes in Switzerland • The Reformer John Calvin in Switzerland Beliefs: - God has chosen , prior to birth who will be saved     -Destiny revealed by living a righteous life & work ethic -Creation of one Church— -Bible = Predestination Calvinism highest authority

  9. The Reformation Continues Changes in France • – French Protestants ·  Practice in secrecy. ·  Persecution was common • - King grants religious toleration & peaceful worship in own churches Huguenots Edict Of Nantes

  10. The Reformation Continues Changes in England • England: King Henry asks pope to annul – • Pope refuses set aside his marriage • Calls Parliament to session requests laws to end pope’s rule in England • Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy (1534) • King head of England’s Church (Anglican) Under Elizabeth the “National Church” of England was recreated with toleration

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