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Understanding DNA Replication and Protein Synthesis

Learn about DNA replication, protein synthesis, and the importance of accurate genetic copying for protein creation and inherited traits.

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Understanding DNA Replication and Protein Synthesis

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  1. Your “Do Now” 2/23(On ½ sheet of paper) • What is DNA replication? • What has to happen to DNA before it can be replicated? • What is the name of the chemicals that “unzip” it? • What can happen if DNA is not copied perfectly?   • Where does a mutation have to happen if it gets passed on to somebody’s kids? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zdDkiRw1PdU&feature=related http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/dna/#

  2. Agenda 2/24 • Notes #3 • Practice probs (partners) • Get Candy Lab & DNA Replication Activity in • Final day for Test Retakes • Progress reports home today • Phone calls home this afternoon

  3. Learning Target • I can explain the process of protein synthesis and how proteins determine our traits

  4. CH 12 Notes #3 Protein Synthesis

  5. Protein Synthesis: • Process of making proteins from a DNA template • We need proteins for: 1) Traits 2) Cell Structure 3) Hormones 4) chemical reactions

  6. Some basics: RNA • RNA = Ribonucleic acid • Single stranded • Can leave nucleus to go into cytoplasm • RNA uses A, C, G, and Uracil (U)

  7. There are 3 types of RNA: • Messenger RNA (mRNA) • Makes copies of DNA inside nucleus • Transfer RNA (tRNA) • Brings amino acids to ribosomes during translation

  8. There are 2 major parts to protein synthesis • Transcription • Translation

  9. Part A: Transcription • Making an RNA template from the DNA

  10. Step 1: Unzip the DNA

  11. Step 2: mRNA attaches to DNA template • Similar to DNA replication • Base-paringBUT: RNA uses U’s instead of T’s

  12. Step 3: mRNA moves out of the nucleus & into the cytoplasm • Important: DNA stays in the nucleus!

  13. Let’s try some DNA TRANSCRIPTION DNA Sequence: A G A T A C C C T G A C C U G G G A U C U A U G mRNA Sequence:

  14. Part B: Translation • The process of using mRNA to make proteins • Proteins are made up of long strands of chemicals called amino acids

  15. Part B: Translation Step 1: mRNA moves to a ribosome

  16. Step 2: the ribosome “reads” mRNA nucleotides 3 at a time • Each set of 3 nucleotides is called a codon

  17. Step 3: tRNA brings an amino acid (AA) to connect to mRNA • Each tRNA has an set of three bases that match-up to the mRNA’s codons • called anti-codons Example mRNA codon: U C C tRNA Anti-codon: A G G

  18. Reading the mRNA code to build proteins Practice: UAG = _____________

  19. GGG = _______________ AAC = ____________

  20. Step 4: Creating a Protein Example: AAG = Phenylalanine • Amino acids are connected by peptide bonds to form a protein

  21. DNA translation must be accurate • Amino acids must be in the correct order to build the right protein • If mutations in the DNA happen, the wrong protein will be made http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/dna/#

  22. Overview of Protein Synthesis Transcription Translation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=erOP76_qLWA&feature=related

  23. Practice Problem DNA sequence: ATA GCC UAA • What is the mRNA strand? • UAU CGG AUU • What is the amino acid chain?

  24. What is the amino acid chain?UAU CGG AUU

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