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Understanding the Nature of Stars: Birth, Composition, and Life Cycle

Explore the fascinating world of stars in this comprehensive overview. Learn how stars are born from gas in nebulae, the process of fusion that allows them to shine, and the various stages of their life cycles. Discover what makes stars like our Sun unique, and how they differ in temperature, luminosity, and composition. Delve into key concepts like hydrostatic equilibrium, stellar classification, and the dramatic ends of high-mass stars. This knowledge will deepen your appreciation for the cosmos and the stars that illuminate our sky.

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Understanding the Nature of Stars: Birth, Composition, and Life Cycle

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  1. Astronomy 100 Are All Stars the Same?

  2. Answer Now: Why does the Sun shine? Are all stars the same as our Sun? (How or how not?) • Goal: • Be able to tell me how stars are born • Know what stars are made of • Know how stars shine • (if we have time) Know how stars die • Vocabulary:Planck curve, luminosity, H-R Diagram, absolute magnitude, apparent magnitude, fusion, H, He, CNO Cycle, protostar, nebula, protostar, hydrostatic equilibrium, interstellar medium, compression wave,

  3. http://www4.nau.edu/meteorite/Meteorite/Images/PlanckCurve.jpghttp://www4.nau.edu/meteorite/Meteorite/Images/PlanckCurve.jpg Planck Curve - Temperature DIRECTLY related to peak wavelength.

  4. Luminosity • Apparent magnitude • Absolute magnitude • Luminosity is the total brightness • Temperature or Type • Can tell temp from color • Can tell type from spectrum, temp or color • Types: O, B, A, F, G, K, M

  5. http://www.eso.org/gallery/d/4380-2/phot-28c-07.jpg

  6. http://raviramanathan.blogspot.com/2007/05/life-cycle-of-star.htmlhttp://raviramanathan.blogspot.com/2007/05/life-cycle-of-star.html

  7. It all starts with gas • Interstellar medium • Gas cloud (nebula) • Compression wave • Pockets of compacted gas • Gravity further squeezes gas • PROTOSTAR! • Squished enough (enough energy) fusion begins • STAR!

  8. E=mc2 H+H+H+H+H+H = He + H + H+ energy

  9. Hydrostatic Equilibrium Energy from fusion

  10. Compression Wave: http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-6732533372822687572&ei=c_iASe30OZ64qAPS-MSVDg&q=slinky+compression&hl=en

  11. http://people.maths.ox.ac.uk/schmitz/Files/starlife.jpg

  12. And in the end… • < 4 Solar Mass – when finished fusing H, begins to fuse He • Ffffffft (planetary nebula) • White dwarf/black dwarf • > 4 Solar Mass – when finished fusing H, begins to fuse He – when finished fusing He, begins to fuse C, N, O (shells) • Kerblewie! (supernova) • Black hole/neutron star

  13. Review – define 3 of the terms at the beginning of this lecture. • Quiz Review

  14. “High Mass Stars” My candle burns at both ends;It will not last the night;But ah, my foes, and oh, my friends--It gives a lovely light. Emily Dickinson

  15. Brownian Motion: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=43-BKoqQxsM

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