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Mastering 3D Modelling Tools: Materials, Maps & Textures

Dive deep into materials, shaders, and rendering techniques in 3D modelling using tools like 3DS Max 7 Bible. Explore standard, ray tracing, and architectural materials to create realistic surfaces. Gain insights on applying 2D maps and procedural textures to enhance your models. Learn about composite maps and bump mapping for adding depth and detail. Utilize bitmap images and environment maps for creating immersive scenes. Enhance your skills through hands-on activities and practical examples in this interactive learning experience.

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Mastering 3D Modelling Tools: Materials, Maps & Textures

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  1. 3D Modelling Tools Week 18 More on materials

  2. Last week Lecture • Lighting • 3DS Max 7 Bible • Chapter 27 3D Modelling Tools

  3. Lecture Revisit earlier materials Maps Images and textures External tools Procedural Composite Working with the library Exporting files 3DS Max 7 Bible Chapter 21-25 Seminar Lighting portfolio due (Portfolio 9) Storyboard for Model B Tutorials Materials This week 3D Modelling Tools

  4. Previously on materials • Materials • Shaders • Rendering • Colours • Shininess • Self-illumination • Not textures, or bitmaps or maps 3D Modelling Tools

  5. Materials • Alll materials affect how light is reflected from the surface • Think about how light and the material will interact 3D Modelling Tools

  6. Material editor • Materials • Defined • Created • Applied • Sample shots • Parameters • Shaders • Maps Discreet (2005) 3D Modelling Tools

  7. Material types • Standard • Ray-traced • Architectural Discreet (2005) 3D Modelling Tools

  8. Standard material • Shaders • Type • Colours • Ambient • Diffuse • Specular • Glossiness • Opacity • Self-illumination 3D Modelling Tools

  9. Ray tracing material • Uses Phong, Blinn, Meta, Antisotropic and Oren-Nayar-Blinn shaders • Attempts to physically model a surface rather than simulating it • Rendering takes longer • Added features • Luminosity • Translucency • Fog Discreet (2005) 3D Modelling Tools

  10. Ray tracing • Each pixel is calculated • In 3ds max it uses mental ray renderer • Generate reflections and refractions • Ray tracing traces the path of rays sampled from the light source • Reflections and refractions generated this way are physically accurate 3ds max v7 3D Modelling Tools

  11. Reflections and Radiosity • Ray-tracing algorithm takes into account reflections and radiosity 3ds max v7 3D Modelling Tools

  12. Architectural materials • Provides the greatest amount of realism • Should use with Phtometric lights and radiosity • Do NOT use with standard lights • High degree of accuracy • When might you use it? Discreet (2005) 3D Modelling Tools

  13. Materials and maps • Materials describe how an object reflects or transmits light • Within a material, maps can simulate textures, applied designs, reflections, refractions, and other effects 3ds max v7 3D Modelling Tools

  14. 2D maps • 2D Maps are two-dimensional images • mapped onto the surface of geometric objects • or used as environment maps to create a background for the scene • 2D maps can be generated procedurally • Bitmaps can be used as 2D maps 3D Modelling Tools

  15. Diffuse map • An image is used as a diffuse map • Applied to the surface of the object • Overrides the base colour • Wood grain • Texture of fruit • Marble 3ds max v7 3D Modelling Tools

  16. Procedural maps • Derived from mathematical equations • Simple or complex • Do not degrade when you zoom into them • They are 3D • Marble material goes through an object as if it were solid 3ds max v7 3D Modelling Tools

  17. Bitmaps • A bitmap is an image produced by a fixed matrix of colored pixels • Use an existing image • Make your own • How? • An animation or video file instead of a bitmap 3ds max v7 3D Modelling Tools

  18. Using bitmaps • The more pixels the bigger the file size • What detail is needed? • Will the image be zoomed? • What happens if you zoom in too much? • What happens in a game situation if you have a large file size? 3D Modelling Tools

  19. Environment maps • Rendering menu > Environment > • Set and animate the background color • Use an image in the background of the rendered scene • or use texture maps as spherical, cylindrical, or shrink-wrap environments. • Set and animate the ambient light. 3D Modelling Tools

  20. Why use bitmaps? • Stick a logo on something • Making street scenes or urban landscapes • Use with billboard • Used with avatars • The map is generated by a graphic artist 3ds max v7 3D Modelling Tools

  21. Activity • Make a model with a base and: • 4 spheres • 4 boxes • 4 cylinders • 4 cones sitting on the base • Add procedural maps • Add bitmaps • Add an environment map 3D Modelling Tools

  22. Composite maps • Use map channels • Vary from shader to shader • Many common • Parent child relationship Go to parent Map channels 3D Modelling Tools

  23. Composite – an example • What do you think has been applied? • There are 3 maps 3D Modelling Tools

  24. Bump map • Bump mapping makes an object appear to have a bumpy or irregular surface • Manipulates the object’s normals • Does not affect the object’s mesh 3ds max v7 3D Modelling Tools

  25. Composite effects • Bump and bitmap • 3D effect • Change the ambient colour • Change the specular colour 3D Modelling Tools

  26. Activity • Add a bump map to your scene • Add a composite map to your scene 3D Modelling Tools

  27. Mapping textures • Mapping is a method of projecting pictorial information onto surfaces • It is a lot like wrapping a present with wrapping paper 3ds max v7 3D Modelling Tools

  28. UVW co-ordinates • Most material maps are a 2D plane assigned to a 3D surface. • The coordinate system used to describe the placement and transformation of maps • Mapping coordinates use the letters U, V, and W • The three letters preceding X, Y, and Z in the alphabet. 3D Modelling Tools

  29. Cropping and Placement • You can crop the bitmap • W/H—Adjusts the width and height of the bitmap or crop area • Placing a bitmap lets you scale the map and place it anywhere within its tile • U/V—Adjusts the bitmap location • Cropping and placement settings affect the model only, they have no effect on the bitmap file itself • Important to check Apply 3D Modelling Tools

  30. Tiling • Repetition of an image over a large area • Use less memory • Can look too uniform • Can get join patterns 3ds max v7 3D Modelling Tools

  31. Face mapping • Ignores any mapping coordinates • Need to work with a polygon • Conforms the image to the faces • Select the desired face • Apply the image 3D Modelling Tools

  32. Mapping coordinates • Use x, y z coodinates 3ds max v7 3D Modelling Tools

  33. Activity • To your scene • Apply tiling to a bitmap on a shape • Apply cropping to a bitmap on a shape • Position an image in your scene 3D Modelling Tools

  34. Material libraries • Materials used in a model are saved in the max file • The software comes with libraries of materials • Create your own materials • Which can then be saved to a library for use on another project • Make a library from a particular scene 3D Modelling Tools

  35. Activity • Use the material library to add some materials 3D Modelling Tools

  36. Bitmaps for exported models • Exported files do not always take colours or textures with them • This is very important for your project work • Bitmaps can be better, but you need to collect them • With 3ds max use Utilities > More… > Bitmap/Photometric Paths > Path Editor > Edit Resources 3D Modelling Tools

  37. Mapping for real time • Unwrap UVW • The Unwrap UVW modifier is used to assign planar maps to sub-object selections • To edit the UVW coordinates of those selections • Texture baking • The creation of texture maps based on an object's appearance in the rendered scene • Using complex lighting on a high polygon model • The textures are then “baked” into the object via mapping • Use a low polygon model • Displays the textured object rapidly for game engines 3D Modelling Tools

  38. Mulitmedia options • Ink 'n Paint Material 3ds max v7 3D Modelling Tools

  39. Covered today • Revisit earlier materials • Maps • Images and textures • External tools • Procedural • Composite • Working with the library • Exporting files 3D Modelling Tools

  40. Portfolio 10 • A word document with an annotated jpeg showing: • Procedural maps • Environment map • Bitmaps • Tiled • Cropped • Placed • Textured (use Bump channel) • Library materials 3D Modelling Tools

  41. Questions • You have been asked to model race track for a game • Describe and discuss two methods of providing a background, recommend one • Describe two methods of modelling trees, evaluate both methods and recommend one • Describe how you would make a realistic checkerboard starting grid • Describe how you would add a logo to a section of a bridge 3D Modelling Tools

  42. References • 3ds max v7, (2005) User Reference and Tutorials • Murdock K.L., (2005) 3DS Max 7 Bible, John Wiley & Sons Inc, ISBN: 0764579711 • Discreet , (2005) 3DS Max 7 Fundamentals and Beyond Courseware, Focal Press, ISBN:0240807391 3D Modelling Tools

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