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AP PSYCHOLOGY Review for the AP Exam

AP PSYCHOLOGY Review for the AP Exam. Monozygotic is to identical as ________________ is to fraternal. dizygotic. 2) Perfect positive correlation is to +1.00 as ________________________ is to -1.00. perfect negative correlation.

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AP PSYCHOLOGY Review for the AP Exam

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  1. AP PSYCHOLOGY Review for the AP Exam

  2. Monozygotic is to identical as ________________ is to fraternal. dizygotic 2) Perfect positive correlation is to +1.00 as ________________________ is to -1.00. perfect negative correlation 3) David Meyers is to happiness as _______________________is to death and dying. Elizabeth Kubler Ross 4) Latency is to 4 as anal is to _______. 2

  3. 5) John Locke is to tabula rosa as _________________is to g factor. Charles Spearman 6) Freud is to psychosexual as Erikson is to ________________________. psychosocial 7) Cocaine is to dopamine as nicotine is to ____________________ acetylcholine 8) Awareness is to lucid dreaming as _______________ is to latent dream. hidden

  4. 9) Alfred Binet is to IQ as ______________________is to EQ. Daniel Goleman 10) Dysphasia is to the spoken word as _______________ is to the written word. dyslexia 11) Hunger is to eating as ___________is to full. satiation 12) Blood pressure is to non-conscious as ________________________________is to pre-conscious. something easily brought to mind

  5. 13) Height of a wave is to amplitude as waves per second are to ___________ frequency just noticeable difference 14) JND is to ________________________ as MMPI is to Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. 15) Axis II is to personality disorder and Axis V is to _____________________________ global assessment of functioning 16) The cerebral cortex is to higher level thinking as ________________________ is to emotion. limbic system or amygdala

  6. 17) Somatosensory cortex is to parietal lobe as motor cortex is to ___________ frontal lobe 18) Puzzle box is to _________________as Skinner box is to B.F. Skinner. Edward Thorndike 19) Systematic procedures that cannot fail are to ___________ as time saving mental shortcuts is to heuristics. algorithms 20) Dysthymia is to depression as hypomania is to __________________ bipolar disorder

  7. 21) Bobo is to observational learning as visual cliff is to __________________ depth perception 22) Automatic is to implicit learning as intentional effort is to ________________ explicit memory 23) Radical determinism is to behaviorism as ________________________ is to the social-cognitive theory. reciprocal determinism 24) Depression is to serotonin as schizophrenia is to ________________ dopamine

  8. 25) Sleep spindles are to ______________ as delta waves are to stage 4 sleep. stage 2 26) Type A is to aggressive as _____________is to relaxed Type B 27) Resting potential is to polarization as action potential is to ________________ depolarization 28) Prediction is to correlation study as cause-effect relationship is to ___________________ experimental method

  9. 29) Psychopath is to antisocial personality disorder as psychotic is to _____________ schizophrenia 30) Max Wertheimer is to Gestalt psychology as _________________is to Behaviorism. John B. Watson 31) Natural observation is to description as correlation study is to ________________ prediction 32) Knowledge of how your memory works is to metamemory as knowledge of how you problem solve is to ______________ metacognition

  10. 33) Sensory neurons are to afferent as motor neurons are to ___________________ efferent neurons 34) Freud is to psychoanalysis as ____________________ is to depression. Gustav Fechner 35) Consistency is to reliability as accuracy is to ______________ validity 36) GABA is to Huntington’s disease as ___________________________ is to derpession. serotonin / norepinephrine

  11. 37) Occipital lobe is to vision as _________________ is to hearing. temporal lobe 38) Cerebellum is to little brain as homunculus is to ___________________ little man 39) The amygdala is to fear as _____________ is to memory. hippocampus 40) Physical stimulation is to sensation as interpretation is to _______________. perception

  12. 41) Photoreceptors are to vision as _________________are to hearing. hair cells 42) Valium is to anxiety as Paxil is to _____________________ depression 43) Encoding is to memory as _____________ is to sensation. transduction 44) Variable-ratio is to slot machine as __________________ is to factory piecework. fixed-ratio

  13. 45) The MMPI is to objective test as the TAT is to ______________________ projective test 46) Cone is to color as rod is to ____________________ black and white 47) Tympanic membrane is to middle ear as cochlea is to _____________________ inner ear 48) Self-actualization is to top as ___________________ is to bottom biological needs

  14. 49) Michael Gazzaniga is to split-brain research as _________________ is to id, ego, and superego. Sigmund Freud 50) Id is to pleasure principle as ego is to __________________ reality principle 51) Mid-life crisis is to middle adulthood as reassessment is to ________________ late adulthood 52) Paradoxical sleep is to _______________ as manic-depressive is to bipolar disorder. REM sleep

  15. 53) Tree is to sky as ______________is to ground. figure Humanism 54) Empathy is to _______________ as free association is to psychoanalysis 55) Bird is to concept as Robin is to __________________ prototype 56) Infinite is to ________________ as 7 is to STM. LTM

  16. 57) Stanley Milgram is to obedience as _______________is to cognitive dissonance. Leon Festinger 58) James-Lange is to physiological first as ____________________ is to simultaneous. Cannon Bard 59) The study of brain structures is to biological psychology as the study of mental illness is to__________________ cognitive psychology 60) The Wright Brothers are to aviation as _______________ is to psychology. Wilhelm Wundt

  17. 61) Regulation of thirst is to hypothalamus as relay of messages is to _________________ thalamus 62) Range is to measure of variability as mode is to ________________________ measure of central tendency 63) MAOI is to monoamine oxidase inhibitor as SSRI is to _________________________________ Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor 64) Long-term is to storage as acoustic is to _________________ sensory

  18. 65) The removal of a chore is to ______________________ as the adding of a chore is to positive punishment. negative reinforcement 66) Expectations and knowledge are to top-down processing as the color and shape are to _______________________ bottom-up processing 67) A fast response rate is to ratio schedule as a steady/constant response is to _______________________ Interval schedule 68) Max Weber is to Weber’s Law as ___________________ is to the law of effect. Edward Thorndike

  19. 69) The conscious mind and the physical brain are to the mind-body problem as stage theories and continuous development are to the _______________________ stage continuity problem 70) Perceptual experiences lacking sensory stimuli are to _______________ as false beliefs are to delusions. hallucinations 71) Insomnia is to sleep disorder as ADHD is to _____________________ developmental disorder 72) SRRS is to stress as the MMPI is to ___________________ personality

  20. 73) Multifactorial is to biopsychosocial model as predisposition is to the _____________________ dianthesis stress model 74) Dydthemia is to mood disorder as PTSD is to __________________ anxiety disorder 75) Collective unconscious is to Jung as inferiority complex is to ______________ Adler 76) Picture is to visual encoding as general meaning is to ____________________ semantic encoding

  21. 77) Alfred Binet is to the bell curve as _____________________is to the forgetting curve. Hermann Ebbinghaus 78) Loss after trauma is to anterograde as loss for events prior to trauma is to ____________________ retrograde 79) Voluntary behaviors are to ___________________as involuntary behaviors are to classical conditioning. operant conditioning 80) Aversive conditioning is to behavioral techniques as RET is to ___________________ cognitive therapy

  22. 81) Cognitive maps are to latent learning as trains and tunnels are to latent _______________ dream content 82) Prefrontal cortex is to __________________ as the brainstem is to vital functioning. higher level thinking 83) Norepinephrine is to mood as endorphines are to __________________ pain reduction 84) Formation of new memories is to hippocampus as coordinated movement is to the _________________________ cerebellum

  23. 85) Valium and xanax are to benzodiazepines as Zoloft and Paxil are to _____________________ antidepressants/SSRIs 86) Robert Sternberg is to the triarchic theory of intelligence as _____________ is to the triangular theory of love. XXX 87) The best of two desireable activities is to the approach-approach as the lesser of two evils is to ____________________ avoidance-avoidance 88) Optimal level is to arousal theory as rewards are to _________________ incentive theory

  24. 89) Experimental group is to treatment as __________________is to no treatment. control group 90) Sticking to your guns even when proven wrong is to belief perserverance as only searching for a certain type of gun is to _______________________ confirmation bias 91) Structure of consciousness is to _____________________ as flow of consciousness is to functionalism. structuralism 92) Troubles falling asleep is to insomnia as sleeping too much is to ______________ hypersomnia

  25. 93) The study of human behavior is to psychology as the study of psychoactive drugs is to ________________________ psychopharmacology 94) Circadian is to “about a day” as hypnosis is to _____________________ sleep 95) The ACT is to aptitude test as the Advanced Placement Exam is to ____________________ achievement test 96) Creating solutions is to divergent thinking as eliminating possibilities is to ____________________ convergent thinking

  26. 97) Piaget is to cognitive as Kohlberg is to ____________ moral 98) Attachment is to Harlow as hierarchy of needs is to _____________ Maslow 99) Generativity v. Stagnation is to _________________ as integrity v. despair is to old age. adulthood 100) Paper and pencil are to the Stanford-Binet as blocks and pictures are to _________________________ Wechsler Scales/Test

  27. 101) Repeated is to reliable as accurate is to ________________ valid 102) The triarchic theory of intelligence is to Sternberg as ____________________________ is to Gardner. Theory of Multiple Intelligences 103) Social facilitation is to __________________________as social impairment is to reduction in performance. Increase in performance 104) Kleptomania is to impulse-control disorder as hypochrondriasis is to __________________________ somotoform disorder

  28. 105) Phil Zimbardo is to prison as Wilhelm Wundt is to ______________________ first laboratory 106) Acquisition is to classical conditioning as alarm is to ______________________________ General Adaptation Syndrome 107) Albert Bandura is to reciprocal determinism as _________________ is to person x situation (cognitive/affective theory) Walter Mischel 108) Medical concerns are to Axis III as __________________ are to Axis IV. environmental concerns

  29. 109) Obsession is to thought as _________________ is to ritualistic action compulsion 110) Hue is to color as saturation is to __________________________ purity 111) Kinesthesia is to__________________ as vestibular sense is to sense of balance movement 112) Light intensity is to different ___________________ as frequency is to different pitch. brightness

  30. 113) Humanistic and psychanalytic are to insight therapy as ___________________ if to solution therapy. behavioral and cognitive 114) Disorganized thoughts, hallucinations and delusions are to positive symptoms as _____________ are to negative symptoms. flat affect 115) Joseph Wolpe is to systematic desensitization as ___________ is to RET Albert Ellis 116) Toilet training is to anal stage as Oedipal complex is to ________________ phallic stage

  31. 117) Place is to context dependent memory as ______ is to state dependent memory. mood 118) Phineas Gage is to the frontal lobe as Clive Wearing is to the _______________ hippocampus 119) Specific and systematic procedures are to formal reasoning (deductive) as believability and availabilty are to ________________ informal (inductive) 120) Association is to classical conditioning as reinforcements and punishments are to ________________________ operant conditioning

  32. 121) Michael Gazzaniga is to biological psychology as Phil Zimbardo is to _________________ social psychology 122) Acetylcholine is to Alzheimer’s as ________________ is to Parkinson’s. dopamine 123) Chlorpromazine is to schizophrenia as lithium is to ______________ bipolar disorder 124) Number of responses is to ratio as time passed is to ________________ interval

  33. 125) Fixed sequence independent of the environment is to maturation as permanent chance due to the environment is to _________________ learning 126) Fixed-action patterns are to the instinct theory of motivation as homeostasis is the the _______________________ drive-reduction theory 127) Lateral hypothalamus is to start as ________________________ is to stop. ventromedial hypothalamus 128) The phenomenological aproach is to the humanistic approach as the social-cognitive approach is to ______________ behaviorism

  34. 129) Edward Titchner is to structuralism as ____________________ is to functionalism. William James 130) Manipulated variable is to ____________________ as outcome variable is to dependent variable. Independent variable 131) Compliance to social demands is to social role theory of hypnosis as split consciousness is to _______________ dissociation theory 132) Mimic is to agonist as occupation/prevention is to __________ antagonist

  35. 133) Alcohol is to depressant as barbituate is to __________________ stimulant 134) Dreaming is to REM sleep as sleepwalking is to ___________________ stage 4 135) Learned helplessness is to rates as attachment is to ___________________ monkeys 136) Avoidance of punishment is to preconventional as pleasing others is to __________________ conventional

  36. 137) Identity v. role confusion is to adolescence as industry v. inferiority is to ___________________ early childhood 138) Odds and evens are to split-half reliability as alternate forms are to __________________________ alternate forms of reliability 139) Martin Seligman is to ______________________ as Charles Darwin is to the theory of evolution. positive psychology 140) Jung is to Freud as ________________ is to Asch. Milgram

  37. 141) Hans Salye is to GAS as ______________________ is to WAIS. David Weschler 142) Global and stable are to pessimism as specific and unstable are to ____________________ optimism 143) Conversion disorder is to ___________________ as attack is to panic disorder. somatoform disorder 144) Free-floating is to ________________________ as attack is to panic disorder generalized anxiety disorder

  38. 145) Unconditional positive regard is to Carl Rogers as self-actualization is to _____________________. Abraham Maslow 146) Sense of smell is to olfaction as sense of taste is to ______________________ gustation 147) Minimum amount of stimulus detected is to ___________________ as smallest difference between stimulti detected is to difference threshold. absolute threshold 148) After-images are to the opponent process theory as television sets are to _________________________________ Trichromatic Theory of color vision

  39. 149) Nerve deafness is to hair cells as ____________________ is to the middle ear. conductive deafness 150) Light intensity is to ___________ as amplitude is to loudness. brightness 151) Amplitude is to decibels as __________________ is to Hertz. frequency 152) Lengthy is to psychoanalytic as time-limited is to _______________________ psychodynamic

  40. 153) Phenomenologists are to __________________as client-centered therapy is to person-centered therapy. humanistic 154) Desensitization hierarchy is to __________________ as hierarchy of needs is to Abraham Maslow. Joseph Wolpe 155) Remembering what you had for dinner last night is episodic memory as remembering how to ride your bike is to _________________________ procedural memory 156) Stimulus-response is to classical conditioning as response-stimulus is to ________________________ operant conditioning

  41. 157) Neuroleptics are to psychotic as benzodiazepines are to _____________________ neurotic (anxiety/mood) 158) Ridges of the cortex are to gyri as valleys of the cortex are to ____________ sulci 159) Breathing is to the medulla as waking to the alarm is to ____________________ reticular formation 160) Pavlov is to classical conditioning as ___________________ is to observational learning. Bandura

  42. 161) Firm and punitive is to authoritarian as firm but fair is to _________________ authoritative 162) Reasoning and problem solving are to fluid intelligence as specific knowledge is to __________________________ crystallized intelligence 163) OCD is to __________________ as bipolar disorder is to mood disorder. anxiety disorder 164) Multiple personality disorder is to dissociative identity disorder as _______________________ is to bipolar disorder manic-depression disorder

  43. 165) Vestibular sense is to body position as somatic sense is to _________________ touch, pain,temperature 166) Max Weber is to sensation as Elizabeth Loftus is to _______________________ memory (constructive) 167) Pitch is to _______________ as loudness is to amplitude. frequency 168) Distrust of others is to paranoid personality disorder as ideas of self-importance are to _______________________________ narcissistic personality disorder

  44. 169) Interpretation of transference is to psychoanalysis as systematic desensitization is to ________________ behavior therapy 170) Interpretation of speech and written words is to Wernicke’s area as production of speech is to _____________________ Broca’s Area 171) Language is to left hemisphere as ________________________________ is to right hemisphere. facial recognition, visual-spatial ability 172) Neuro transmitters are to the nervous system as ___________________ are to the endocrine system. hormones

  45. 173) Sympathetic system is to action as parasympathetic system is to _________ rest 174) Long wavelength is to low frequency as short wavelength is to ______________ high frequency 175) Unconscious wish fulfillment is to Freudian interpretation of dreams and synthesizing random neural firings is to _______________________ activation synthesis theory 176) Marijuana is to hallucinogen as MDMA is to____________________ amphetimine

  46. 177) Low sound frequencies are to frequency theory as high sound frequencies are to ________________ Place Theory 178) New interfering with the old is to retroactive interference as old interfering with the new is to __________________ proactive interference 179) Instructions are to posthypnotic suggestion as memory loss is to _______________________ posthypnotic amnesia 180) Green is to red as ____________ is to blue. yellow

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