1. Biomechanics of Jumping and Throwing 7/8 PE—Track and Field Unit 2nd Semester

2. What is Biomechanics? • Biomechanics refers to the way our _______, ______, and _____ work together as we move.

3. Description of human motion • Body is a system of _______. • A lever has a ________ (axis of rotation), an effort and effort arm, a resistance and a resistance arm. • The effort and resistance arms are usually the bones of the skeleton, and the fulcra are usually the joints of the skeleton.

4. Center of Gravity • The _______ __ ________ is the theoretical point where all the body weight is concentrated or the theoretical point about which the body weight is evenly distributed.

5. Force • Forces produce __________ • Force is a ______ or ________ • _________ force is created inside the athlete’s body—muscles pulling on bones • __________ forces are applied to the body—gravity, friction

6. Horizontal Jump-Long Jump • _______ phases: Approach run, takeoff, flight, landing • _________ leads to stronger vertical take-off • Kick forward • COG is ________ on landing-knees flexed

7. Horizontal Jump-Triple Jump • Triple jump has additional motions: • Approach • Hop (______ foot) • Step (_______ feet) • Jump (take off on ____ foot, land on ____)

8. Vertical Jump-High Jump • ______ phases: Run-up, takeoff, flight/bar clearance • ______ approach to the bar • Push on the ground for takeoff • Twisting somersault over the bar (Bring COG as ______ as possible)

9. Throwing-Shotput • Glide technique has a ______-______ rhythm • Knee bent (same as hand holding put) • Glide back (____ steps total) • Plant opposite foot • Turn torso (torque force) • Release at ___-____ degree angle

10. Additional jumps and throws • ________ = combination of running and jumping (at least at lower levels) • _______ = throwing • _______ = throwing

11. References • Bergemann, B. (2009). EXER 553 BIOMECHANICS for Coaches and Physical Educators PPT. Retrieved from http://www.campbell.edu/faculty/bergemann/553-01_files/frame.htm#slide0015.htm • From IAAF “Introduction to Coaching Theory.” (2009). Biomechanics. Retrieved from http://www.coachr.org/biomechanics.htm • Ismail, S. (2009). Biomechanics of Jumps in Track and Field. Retrieved from http://www.medic.usm.my/~ssu/ARTICLES/article_35.htm • Bartonietz, K. (2009). Rotational shot put technique: Biomechanic findings and recommendations for training. Retrieved from http://www.athleticscoaching.ca/UserFiles/File/Sport%20Science/Biomechanics/Throwing%20Events/Shot%20Put/Bartonietz%20Rotational%20SP%20Technique%20Biomechanic%20Findings%20and%20Recommendations%20for%20Training.pdf • Teaching of Gymnastics: Stability and balance. (2009). Retrieved from http://www.emunix.emich.edu/~wwitten/COFG.htm