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Overview of most common cardiovascular diseases

Overview of most common cardiovascular diseases . Ahmad Osailan. Objectives . Most common cardiac diseases Signs and symptoms . Most common terms for symptoms of cardiac Disease. Dyspnea : Abnormally uncomfortable awareness of breathing.

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Overview of most common cardiovascular diseases

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  1. Overview of most common cardiovascular diseases Ahmad Osailan

  2. Objectives • Most common cardiac diseases • Signs and symptoms

  3. Most common terms for symptoms of cardiac Disease • Dyspnea: Abnormally uncomfortable awareness of breathing. • PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL DYSPNEA: Interstitial or interalveolar pulmonary edema • Orthopnea: Inability to breath comfortably when lying. • Syncope: Loss of consciousness commonly from reduced perfusion to the brain. • Fatigue: Patient with impaired cardiovascular function • - decrease peripheral perfusion

  4. What is Heart Disease • A general term that covers a number of diseases which affect the heart, including coronary artery disease, heart-failure and angina.

  5. Cardiovascular diseases • ACQUIRED HEART DISEASE • ‡CONGENITAL HEART DISEASES • ‡VALVULAR HEART DISEASE • ‡INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS‡ • RHEUMATIC FEVER 

  6. Acquired Heart Diseases • ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE)‡ • ANGINA PECTORIS‡ • MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION • ‡HYPERTENSION

  7. CORONARY (ISCHAEMIC)HEART DISEASE Occurs when the coronary arteries that supply the heart muscle become blocked. • Partially blocked it causes angina. • Fully blocked it causes a myocardial infarction or a heart attack!

  8. CORONARY (ISCHAEMIC)HEART DISEASE • CAUSE‡ • Atherosclerosis: it is the accumulation of lipids in the arterial walls due to variety of factors. • It can lead to vascular thrombosis (clots)and result in embolism

  9. Atheroscelerosis

  10. CORONARY (ISCHAEMIC)HEART DISEASE • Signs and symptoms: • Cardiac ischemia in itself is symptomless. Its presence is manifested only by its dramatic complications namely:-‡ • ANGINA PECTORIS • ‡MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION • ‡IHD often comes without warning or history of heart disease.

  11. Angina Pectoris • It is a severe paroxysmal chest pain caused due to higher myocardial oxygen demand. • Cause: Partial blockage of coronary artery by atheroscelerosis.

  12. Angina Pectoris • Signs and Symptoms: • Strangling, or tightness, • heaviness, • compression of the chest • Pain radiating to the left arm or jaw. • ‡Exaggerated by physical exertion especially in cold weather and emotional stress.‡ • Pain is relieved by rest

  13. Angina

  14. Myocardial infarction • when blood flow to a part of your heart is blocked for a long enough time that part of the heart muscle is damaged or dies.

  15. MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION • Also called ( Heart attack ) • Signs and symptoms: • Strangling, or tightness, • heaviness, • compression of the chest • Pain radiating to the left arm or jaw. • Precipitated by physical exertion and emotional stress.‡ • Pain is NOT relieved by rest. Unlike angina • ‡Persist for a few hours if death does not supervene.

  16. What differ Angina form MI • Signs and symptoms: • The pain of MI may sometimes start at rest and is not relieved by nitrates.‡ • Vomiting, facial pallor • sweating, restlessness, apprehension are common.‡ • Restlessness, cough , loss of consciousness may also occur.

  17. HYPERTENSION • When either or both systolic or diastolic pressure are persistently raised, & on remeasurement , with systolic pressure >140 &diastolic >90 mm Hg

  18. Features of advanced hypertension • SYMPTOMS • ‡Headaches‡ • Visual disorders • ‡Tinnitus • ‡Dizziness • ‡Angina

  19. CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE • Signs and symptoms: • ‡Most striking feature: CYANOSIS‡ • Passage of deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle directly into the left side of the heart & systemic circulation leads to chronic hypoxemia. ‡Chronic hypoxemia causes severely impaired development & often gross clubbing of fingers & toes.

  20. Congenital Heart Disease

  21. Clubbing • One of the most common Signs of congenital heart disease

  22. Heart valves disease • Caused mainly by: • Infective endocarditis • Causative organisms: streptococci • ‡It results from two main predisposing factors: • bacteraemia • cardiac lesion

  23. Heart Valve diseases • Signs and symptoms: • Shortness of breath • Weakness or dizziness. • Discomfort in your chest. • Palpitations. This may feel like a rapid heart rhythm, irregular heartbeat, skipped beats or a flip-flop feeling in your chest. • Swelling of your ankles, feet or abdomen. This is called edema. Swelling may occur in your belly, which may cause you to feel bloated. • Rapid weight gain. A weight gain of two or three pounds in one day is possible.

  24. HEART FAILURE • Heart failure is when the pumping actionof the heart is insufficient to meet the body¶s demand. • Signs and symptoms: • Shortness of Breath • Generalized Oedema • Easy fatigability

  25. THANKS

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