1 / 22

Earth’s Surface: Unit 1

Earth’s Surface: Unit 1. The Big Idea: Continuous processes on Earth’s surface result in the formation and destruction of landforms and the formation of soil. Unit 1 Lesson 1 Earth’s Spheres. What on Earth?.

mandell
Télécharger la présentation

Earth’s Surface: Unit 1

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Earth’s Surface: Unit 1 The Big Idea: Continuous processes on Earth’s surface result in the formation and destruction of landforms and the formation of soil.

  2. Unit 1 Lesson 1 Earth’s Spheres What on Earth? • Earth systems- all of the matter, energy, and processes within Earth’s boundary. http://www.isws.illinois.edu/nitro/images/biggraph.jpg http://www.eduweb.com/portfolio/earthsystems/images/print_main_icon.jpg

  3. Unit 1 Lesson 1 Earth’s Spheres Geosphere • Geosphere- mostly solid, rock part of Earth. It extends from the center to the surface of Earth. • Layers of Geosphere • Crust • Mantle • Core

  4. Layers of the Geosphere • Crust - 5-10 km (ocean) 35-70 km (continental), made of silicates, LEAST DENSE • Mantle-about 2900 km thick, very slow flowing, solid rock, made of silicate minerals that are denser than the crust. • Core- Outer : liquid layer 3500 km thick Inner: solid, dense core made of Fe & Ni MOST DENSE

  5. Unit 1 Lesson 1 Earth’s Spheres Got Water? • Hydrosphere- liquid water including oceans, lakes, rivers, marshes, streams, swamps, ground water, rain & water droplets in clouds. • 97% of all water on Earth is the saltwater found in oceans. • Oceans cover 71% of Earth. http://earth.rice.edu/mtpe/hydro/hydrosphere/why_images/folsom_dam.jpg

  6. Unit 1 Lesson 1 Earth’s Spheres http://www.earth-prints.org/image/criopic.jpg Ice, Ice Baby • Cryosphere- made up of all the frozen water on Earth. All the ice, sea ice, glaciers, ice shelves, icebergs, & permafrost. http://www.eduweb.com/portfolio/earthsystems/cryosphere/images/bargraph.gif

  7. Unit 1 Lesson 1 Earth’s Spheres What a Gas! • Atmosphere- made of invisible gases that surround Earth. The atmosphere is about • 78% Nitrogen • 21% Oxygen • 1% many other gases (Ar, CO2, & water vapor). http://spaceguard.rm.iasf.cnr.it/NScience/neo/images/AtmosGraph.gif

  8. Unit 1 Lesson 1 Earth’s Spheres Living Together • Biosphere- made up of living things and the areas of Earth where they are found. http://www.uwphoto.net/content/si/wp_large/si04-666.jpg http://creationwiki.org/Symbiosis

  9. Unit 1 Lesson 1 Earth’s Spheres What’s the Matter? Energy Budget- formed with movement of energy through Earth’s system. • All of the five spheres of Earth interact as matter & energy change & cycle through the system. (Think of the water, nitrogen & carbon cycles) • Trace the flow of energy through Earth’s system.

  10. Unit 1 Lesson 2 Weathering Break It Down • Weathering- breakdown of rock material by physical and chemical processes. Types of Weathering 1. Physical 2. Chemical http://www.geol.umd.edu/~piccoli/10http://shetzers.com/photo-galleries-and-images/utah-pictures/0/Image67.jpg http://shetzers.com/photo-galleries-and-images/utah-pictures/

  11. Unit 1 Lesson 2 Weathering Physical weathering • process by which rock is broken down into smaller pieces by physical changes, but does NOT change composition. • Ice wedging (frost wedging)- crack growth • Exfoliation • Animals-mix soil, air & drainage • Plants-reason crack growth • Wind-moves sediment • Abrasion

  12. Unit 1 Lesson 2 Weathering http://nondot.org/sabre/pics/2001-12-16-India-Trip/2002-01-01/02%20-%20On%20the%20Road%20Again/thumbs/75%20-%20Falling%20rocks.jpg Physical Weathering Water • Abrasion -breaking down & wearing away of rock material by the mechanical action of other rocks. http://www.eeo.ed.ac.uk/undergraduate/field/peasebay/pebbles.jpg Wind Gravity http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/922/92219.jpg

  13. Unit 1 Lesson 2 Weathering Chemical Weathering • breakdown of rocks by chemical reactions which changes composition & appearance. • Oxidation-chemicals in rock combine with oxygen in the air or in water, sometimes indicated by color change. • Acid precipitation-occurs when strong acids fall to Earth as rain, sleet, or snow. http://www.photosfan.com/images/caves-stalactites-and-stalagmites.jpg http://www.washingtonpublishers.com/YesResorts/utah.jpg

  14. Unit 1 Lesson 3 Erosion & Deposition Go with the Flow • Erosionprocess by which sediment & other materials are moved from one place to another. • Depositionprocess by which eroded material is dropped. http://www.chartiersgreenway.net/hydrology.htm

  15. Floodplain –flat area; fertile Meander –curves & bends Oxbow–a meander that is cut off Delta- fan shaped pattern of deposited sediment Shoreline- place where land & water meet Groundwater-water below Earth’s surface

  16. http://www.ndsu.edu/fargo_geology/mass_wasting/creep&flow.htmhttp://www.ndsu.edu/fargo_geology/mass_wasting/creep&flow.htm Unit 1 Lesson 4 BY Wind, Ice, & Gravity Alluvial fan- fan shaped deposit that forms on dry land Creep-extremely slow movement of material downslope. Mudflow-rapid movement of a large mass of mud due to lots of rain

  17. Unit 1 Lesson 4 BY Wind, Ice, & Gravity Shaping the Earth • Glacial drift -general term for all materials carried & deposited by a glacier. • Alpine glaciers- cause U shaped valleys & rugged landscapes. • Continental glaciers - form flat landscapes http://glaciers1011r1.wikispaces.com/Alpine+Glacier http://library.thinkquest.org/TQ0311164/contglac.htm

  18. Unit 1 Lesson5 Soil Formation • Soil- loose mixture of rock fragments, organic matter, water, and air that can support the growth of vegetation. • Soil profile - vertical section of soil that shows all the different layers. • Soil horizon - Each layer in the soil profile that has different physical properties. http://www.hutton.ac.uk/research/groups/environmental-and-biochemical-sciences/soil-chemistry-and-mineralogy http://www.keywordpicture.com/keyword/chernozem%20soil%20profile/

  19. Unit 1 Lesson 5 Soil Formation Soil Horizons • A horizon - topmost layer of soil, often referred to as topsoil. It contains the most humus. • B horizon -has less humus. Water carries material from the A to the B horizon, in a process called leaching. “Zone of accumulation” • C horizon -lies below the B horizon and directly above the parent rock. It contains the largest rock fragments and usually no organic matter.

  20. Unit 1 Lesson 5 Soil Formation What it takes for soil to form: • Parent rock - determines soil type • Climate-faster in warm, wet rather cold & dry. • Topography- (slope of the land) faster on flatlands • Plants and animals- add organic material by breaking down remains • Time- longer it has, the better the soil

  21. Unit 1 Lesson 5 Soil Formation Soil properties are used to classify different soils • Soil texture • Color • Pore space • Fertility • Chemistry (pH-acid/base)

  22. pH scale -measure of how acidic or basic a substance is. Acids and bases are on opposite ends of a measuring tool, the pH scale. At the center of the scale is the neutral zone. This scale receives extensive use in testing soil for farmers, gardeners and environmentalists. http://www.downsizingamerica.com/images/ph_scale.gif

More Related