A.M.Papadopoulos, S.N. Boemi , S.Kontogianni and A.Karagiannidis

1. ARISTOTLE UNIVERSITY OF THESSALONIKI FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY OF HEAT TRANSFER AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING MINISTRY OF DEVELOPMENT GENERAL SECRETERIAT FOR RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY, GREECE-CANADA 2006-2008 2nd International Scientific Conference “Energy and Climate Change” Barriers on the propagation of Renewable Energy Sources in Greece A.M.Papadopoulos, S.N. Boemi, S.Kontogianni and A.Karagiannidis

2. DEPOIR  Partners: Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Environmental Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, AUTH, Project coordinator Agis M.Papadopolus, Associate Professor Research group: Avraam Karagiannidis, Assistant Professor Sofia- Natalia Boemi, Environmentalist Stamatia Kontogianni, Mechanical Engineer Marinos Karteris, Mechanical Engineer Ioannis-Sofoklis Antonopoulos, Mechanical Engineer PHILIPPOPOULOS SA – EQUIPMENT FOR ENERGY UTILIZATION OF BIOMASS Senior researcher: FotisPhilippopoulos School of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Alberta Canada, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Senior Researcher: Dr. Daryl McCartney  The project was co-funded by the GSRT

3. RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES National target for RES contribution 2010 • Contribution of Renewables in total electricity consumed in the EU in 2010 around 12%. (Directive 77/2001) • Greece 20,1% 2020 • 20-20-20 • 20% contribution of RES in the European energy balance (10% contribution of biofuels in transport) • 20% reduction in emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) over 1990 • 20% energy saving

4. Evaluation and authorization of hybrid plants  • Anticipation for the development of PV stations (a face: at least 500MW at the interconnected network and 200MW in the non-interconnected islands till 2020)(Art.14) Attractive feed in tariffs for the for PV electricity and offshore wind parks.(Αrt. 13) Systematic procedures for small projects(exceptions - suspensions) (Αrt.4) PROMOTION OF RES Legislation • Ν.3468/2006,“Electric energy reproduction from Renewable energy Sources and Cogeneration of Heat and Power and other provisions". (FEK Α' 129/27.06.2006).). Attractive absorption rates of energy mainly for PV, solar and offshore wind power stations (Article 13).  • Decision of the Minister of MINENV and Special Environment Service (ΕΥΠΕ) 104247/26.5.2006for the procedure of the preliminaryenvironmentalassessment and evaluation and approval of environmental termsrenewable energy works and definition of the content, documents and other evidence of the preliminaryenvironmental impactstatement and environmental impactstudies and relatedenvironmentalstudies, RES projects • Regulationfor producing electricity using renewable energy and cogeneration of Electricity and High Efficiency Heat (FEK B 448/3.4.2007) • Form and content of contracts to sell electricity (FEK B’ 1442/02.10.2006, FEK B’ 148/06.02.2007) • Licensing processes of installing and operating power plants using renewable energy(ΥΑD6/Φ1/13310/10.07.2007, FEK Β΄1153) • Special Spatial Framework for RES

5. RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES Source: Eurostat/Fraunhofer ISI: Electricity from renewable energy sources 2006 breakdown of normalised renewable electricity in 2006

6. RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES Electricity Balance Percentage Contribution of Renewable Energy in Production and Total Balance for 2008 [Source: ΡΑΕ, 30/09/08]

7. RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES Electric Energy Balance Mainland & non- interconnected islands [Source: RAE, 30/09/08] • The energy produced percentage for the non-interconnected islands isabout the 9% of the whole year (3.9 TMh oil and 447 GWh RES). The total power of PV is around 23.278.

8. RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES BREAKDOWN Some Basic Data: [Source: RΑΕ, 30/09/08] *There are not included large-scale hydrolectric plants(>15MW). Their installed capacity is 3020 MW. The installed capacity of RES on non-interconnected islands is about 227 MWor 19% of the total installed capacity at Greece and it is consisted mainly by wind generators parks. Total power of the PV is 23,28 MW.

9. THERE IS NO LACK OF INTEREST Great interest for RES [in MW] • Western Greece 3538,6 • North / South Aegean 4550,9 • Central Macedonia 3177,5 • Central Greece 9859,9 • Peloponnesus 9178,4 • East Macedonia / Thrace 5953,1 Source: RΑΕ, 2008

10. THERE IS NO LACK OF FUNDING? [3rd CSF] Source: Tsoutsos T., Papadopoulou E., Katsiri A, Papadopoulos A.M. (2008), Promotional Schemes for Renewable Energy Sources and their impact on Reducing the Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in Greece, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 12, 7, 1767-1788

11. RES  4.21 % of the total electricity production in Greece Big hydroelectric plants  7.8 % RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES: A SLOW PROGRESS Current situation There is a distance to be covered towards 20-20-20 [1] Reference year for EU-15 is 1997. Reference year for EU-12, BG and RO is 2000.

12. WHAT WENT WRONG?

13. RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES Average lead time for overall authorisation procedure and grid connection Source: "Promotion and growth of renewable energy sources and systems" COM 2009

14. RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES Source: "Promotion and growth of renewable energy sources and systems" Final Report, Ecofys et al. p67

15. RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES Stages of development and operation of a PV park in Greece Source: DEPOIR 2007

16. RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES Stages of development and operation of a wind park in Greece Source: DEPOIR 2007

17. Potential • Abundant resources • Experience and specialization obtained • Public funding • Support of environmental actions • Possibilities for PPP CONCLUSIONS • Weaknesses • Feed in policies may depend on the political cost • Interventions by the local authorities • Difficulty of direct interventions/ solutions in certain incidents. • Obscure environmental terms. • Non satisfactory legislative framework. • Non satisfactory management • Insufficient sensitivity of the public. • Lack of Strategic Planning • Opportunities • A call for sustainablitiy. • Possibility of extension in new activities. • Utilisation of new technologies for the improvement of operation and services. • Collaboration between municipalities. • Syneries with similar installations.

18. Therefore, instead of an epilogue, in order to overcome the delays, difficulties and shortcomingsare required: THE ROAD TO FOLLOW From the DEPOIR observatory's operation some conclusions can be drawn: • An integrated effort of all the involved public authorities in the direction of creation an applicable institutional frame as effective as possible. • The development and dissemination of know-how that is required for a successful application of state of the art technologies. • The change in society's attitude. “Green environment” is not a vague wish, neither an obligation to which the government had to comply.

19. ARISTOTLE UNIVERSITY OF THESSALONIKI FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY OF HEAT TRANSFER AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING In August 2007 the peak electricity demand reached 10,300 MW, whilst ten years earlier, in 1996, it was only 6,510 MW. Out of those 10,300 ΜW, the “upper 900” were needed for less than 20 days in a year. Unless things change dramatically, for the next five years we will need 500 new MW of conventional plants each year for the new demand. .