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The Russian Revolution: Revolts, Rulers, and Reform

Explore the Russian Revolution of 1900-1939, including the political structure, the Romanov royal family, and the challenges of industrialization. Discuss the impact of Czar Nicholas II and the reasons for his unpopularity with the Russian people.

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The Russian Revolution: Revolts, Rulers, and Reform

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  1. Chapter 30: Revolution & Nationalism – Russian Revolution 1900-1939

  2. Section 1: Revolutions in russia

  3. Discussion Questions • 1. TheRussian Revolution- what comes to mind when you hear this phrase? • Turn to your friend(s) and make a list • 2. What comes to mind when you hear the name Anastasia? • -Turn to your friend and make a list

  4. Russia by the 1800’s … • 1. Multi-Ethnic & Diverse • 2. Multi- Cultural • 100 different languages spoken • Various faiths

  5. Political Structure in Pre- Revolutionary Russia • Type of Government: • “AUTOCRACY”-government in which 1 person rules with unlimited authority • Ruler: CZAR- means “emperor” or “monarch” derived from “Caesar”

  6. The Winter Palace – Built by Peter the Great • Official residence of monarchs 1732- 1917

  7. Russian Serfs • Serf– a Russian peasant legally bound to reside and work on “lord’s” land • “Un-free” status • Bound peasants to rural areas and to their land lord

  8. Czar Alexander I ( Ruled 1801-1825) • Napoleon invaded Russia in the winter • Russian Soldiers were influenced by Western ideas during Napoleonic wars • “Secret Societies” emerged: • wanted economic reform, a constitutional government, AND freedom for serfs

  9. Czar Nicholas I (ruled: 1825-1855) • Strengthened the autocracy (his power) by: • 1. Censoring the Press • 2. Establishing a “Secret Police”- allowed to arrest & imprison people without trial • 3. “Autocracy, orthodoxy, and nationality!” -CNI • He was Alexander I’s brother->

  10. Czar Nicholas I (ruled: 1825-1855) • The Decembrist Revolt (1825) – • A group of military officials rebelled • Tried to overthrow him • Felt threatened by his conservative views

  11. Czar Nicholas I "Land of the Tsars" • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXPP1j1yahg • 1:18- • 1. Why was Czar Nicholas I obsessed with strengthening his power?

  12. Czar Alexander II (ruled: 1855-1881) • “The Czar Liberator” • 1. 1861 Granted Freedom to serfs • 2. Limited the authority of secret police • 3. Modernized judicial system

  13. Czar Alexander II • 4. expanded education • 5. re-organized the Russian army • 6. Reduced military service from 25 yrs to 6 yrs • 7. Promoted industrialization

  14. Alexander II’s Problems… • 95% of population were peasants, most serfs. • Free serfs received no land • Had no skills • Found themselves homeless and unemployed • Landowners were furious • they lost land & power

  15. Assassination Attempts against Czar Alexander II • Radical Revolutionaries… • 1. Shot at Alex II (bullets missed him 1879) • 2. Bombed Alex’s train (he survived 1879) • 3. Bombed palace 1880 (he survived) • 4. Threw bombs at his carriage • Alex II survived initial threat… but then • Stepped out of his carriage and died in 1881

  16. Czar Alexander II " Land of the Tsars" • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXPP1j1yahg START 8:23 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8PFQ7Th_rAs

  17. Czar Alexander III- (Ruled: 1881-1894) Established a rule of fear • 1. “Russification”- persecuted … • those who spoke a language other than Russian • followed a religion other than Eastern Orthodoxy • 2. Established “Pogroms”- organized massacres of minority groups

  18. Czar Nicholas II (ruled: 1894-1917) • Inherited Russia’s long history of social and political problems • Not prepared to rule

  19. The Romanov Royal Family • Wife Empress Alexandra • 4 Daughters and 1 Son • Olga, Tatiana, Maria, & Anastasia • Alexei

  20. Prince Alexis • Suffered from • “Hemophilia” – a Disease which prevents normal clotting of blood • No known treatment • Disease kept secret from public

  21. So the Family Hired a “Healer”… Named RASPUTIN * Self -proclaimed monk & mystic Healer * Empress hired him to “heal” son He was not who he appeared to be!!! Influenced Czar Nicholas II politically

  22. Essential Question • Why was Czar Nicholas II so unpopular with the Russian people?

  23. Russia’s Problems with Industrialization • Between 1863-1900, number of factories doubled • Low wages, child labor, horrific working conditions • Czar Nicholas II was blamed for all t his

  24. 1905- “Bloody Sunday” • Workers’ Peaceful march turned violent • Protested food and fuel shortages, better working conditions • Soldiers opened fire to unarmed crowd • Russian press claimed 100 died • Protestors claimed 1,000 died • Czar Nicholas II was blamed for incident

  25. Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) • Russia and Japan fought over the province of Manchuria • Russian Ships vs. Japanese ships • Japan sanks2/3rds of the Russian fleet • Humiliating defeat for Czar Nicholas II

  26. October Manifesto, 1905 • Czar Nicholas II Promised Reforms • 1. Constitution • 2. Civil Liberties/ Civil Rights and a • 3. Duma or legislature

  27. WWI • 1914, Czar Nicholas II dragged Russia into WWI • 4 million Russian soldiers were killed, wounded, or taken prisoner • Nicholas II left his wife in charge…. • She relied on Rasputin to make decisions

  28. Czar Nicholas II " Land of the Tsars" • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-x4VcmHfxU

  29. Meanwhile…

  30. … Rasputin • Continued to influence Czar Nicholas II and the+ Czarina • Claimed he “cured” son’s hemophilia • People were skeptical of Rasputin …

  31. Rasputin’s Death 1916… • 1916 nobles planned his assassination • They Poisoned him at dinner… • He survived! • They Shot him… • Still alive! • They Beat him with a candlestick! • He was Not dead yet!

  32. Rasputin’s Death… • Rasputin was thrown into an icy river… • He was still breathing.

  33. The Death of Rasputin "Landof the Tsars" • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1W1b6j8U46k • START 5:36

  34. Marxist Revolutionaries • Followed the views of Karl Marx • Believed that the industrial class of workers should overthrow the czar • Proletariat- the workers

  35. Russian Marxist Groups • 1. Mensheviks- moderates; raised support for revolution • 2. Bolsheviks – radicals; would sacrifice everything for change

  36. The “Bolshevik” Rebels • Believed the Working class should lead revolution and seize control • Led by Vladimir IlyichUlyanov “Lenin” • Goal : to create a socialist state with no social classes, no private property

  37. New Political Philosophies • Socialism – belief that the means of production capital, land, raw materials, factories should be owned and controlled by society, not individuals • Communism – a society without class distinctions or private property (equality )

  38. 1917 March Revolution • Food riots/protests in St Petersburg • Czar Nicholas II ordered Duma (legislative body) to dissolve • Czar ordered troops to suppress disorder • Neither obeyed the Czar

  39. March 15, 1917 • Czar Nicholas II abdicated the Throne • Family was Evacuated in August • March 17, 1917 Russia Proclaimed a republic • Provisional government was established

  40. Lenin & the Bolshevik Leaders • Overthrew the provisional government in November , 1917 • “History will not forgive us if we do not seize power now”-Lenin • Lenin Claimed absolute power

  41. Bolsheviks Established • A Socialist State based on ideas of Karl Marx and Lenin • 1. land re-distributed amongst peasants • 2. End of private ownership of property • 3. Workers gained control of property • “equality”

  42. Lenin & the Bolsheviks • Re-named their political party the Communist party in 1918 • 1918-1920 civil war ensued in Russia • Communists “Reds” vs. “Whites” (Royalists) • Fought over political control • What about the Romanovs?

  43. The Romanov Family • Was Imprisoned in Ipatiev House • Forced to give up luxuries • Believed they would be rescued • were they???

  44. July 17, 1918 • 2:33 am • Romanov family • Their Doctor & 3 servants • were shot in a basement • The Assassination was ordered by Lenin

  45. "Land of the Tsars" 20 – The End of the Romanovs • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-qxWWRcN-4

  46. Anastasia Romanov -The Myth • Did She Survive? • In 1920 in Berlin Germany • A girl tried to jump off a bridge • was rescued • no I.D., refused to give her identity

  47. “Anna Anderson” • Sent to mental asylum • Claimed to be “Anastasia” • Said she was Rescued by a soldier • And escaped Russia

  48. Anna Anderson = Anastasia? • “She is similar, she is similar” • Relatives were careful to believe her story • Supporters helped her

  49. Anastasia? Or Imposter? • Anna Anderson claimed she was Anastasia until the day she died (1984) • 1977 court ruled not enough evidence to prove identity • Recent DNA testing proved she was not Anastasia

  50. Video: "Anastasia: Her True Story" A&E

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